International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Carbon adsorbents were synthesized from waste biomass through controlled carbonization and activation processes, aiming to develop sustainable materials for environmental applications. The produced carbons exhibited a well-developed porous structure and high specific surface area, as confirmed by textural characterization. These structural features contributed to enhanced adsorption capacities toward various water pollutants, including dyes, heavy metals, and organic contaminants. The adsorption mechanisms were mainly governed by surface interactions and pore diffusion, indicating strong affinity between the adsorbents and the target molecules. The use of renewable biomass as a precursor not only reduces production costs but also supports waste valorization and circular economy principles. Overall, the synthesized carbon materials demonstrate significant potential as efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorbents for water purification and protection of aquatic ecosystems.

The current study is focused on the development of integrated system for safety production and storage of hydrogen with a potential impact to the “Circle Economy”. The possibility of methanol production from diverse waste sources determines its key role in the integrated scheme. The originality of the proposed system is the conversion of the waste sources (different agricultural residues, coal tar pitch from low-rank coals, waste motor oils and polyolefin wax) to activated carbons by suitable technologies. Further, these activated carbons are modified with finely dispersed zinc ferrite nanoparticles. The obtained composites are used as catalysts for hydrogen release from methanol by decomposition. The phase composition, surface functionality, texture and structure features of the catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Low-temperature nitrogen physisorption, Moessbauer spectroscopy and Boehm method. The possibility for the regulation of the catalyst efficiency by simple selection of the activated carbon waste precursor is demonstrated.