International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Vortex Gas Pistons technology has been developed and manufactured to be specifically applied in most air rifles and it uses regular air instead of any other type of gas. Manufacturer ****** offers 6 different types of Vortex Gas Pistons covering most of the Break Barrel and Underlever lines. Despite the demand for high quality materials and optimal construction, operational impacts invariably take their toll on the weapon and defects often occur due to a variety of reasons – either quality or manufacturing defects in the material and those resulting from friction between individual parts, pressure and errors in the maintenance and operation of the weapon.
Each one of the listed impacts, as well as their combination, may be the cause of defects, which in this study are searched for on the items
submitted for evaluation details of original and destroyed air gun piston and barrel, showing defect.

Defects in the cooling jacket occur for a variety of reasons. This type of details works in severe heat load conditions – fluctuating fluid pressure, mechanical friction and corrosion. The reason for appearance of defects in auto truck engines is often the type of material from which their individual parts are made. For various reasons, they are susceptible to the influence of natural wear, material fatigue and the complex action of many physical and chemical fast-flowing processes.
One of the main parts of internal combustion engines is the cooling jacket. This part operates under severe thermal stress conditions caused by mechanical friction in contact with the piston, fluctuating pressure where the refrigerant fluid moves, and corrosive action from that same fluid containing antifreeze. The listed factors require the material from which this part is made to have strength and good wear and corrosion resistance – prerequisites for a long service life.
Therefore, it is important to identify the exact causes of cooling jacket defects and to found ways to prevent them.
The examined details are analyzed by standard methods for chemical and metallographic analysis, as well as for mechanical tests.

Possible defects in the system: piston-cooling jacket occur for various reasons. This system work in severe conditions: heat load; variable gas pressure and mechanical friction, which requires high strength, good wear resistance with limited lubrication and overall high resistance to abrasion, corrosion and other wear.The operation of the cylinder-piston group with insufficient or poor quality oil is the most common cause of overheating or engine blockage. Seizing of one or more pistons leads to major engine repairs or even scrappin g. Damaged fuel injectors, inaccurate injection or ignition timing can also cause the mechanism to melt or puncture. Therefore, it is essential to identify the exact causes of defects in the system and look for ways to prevent them.
Studied details were functioned under the identical conditions of good lubrication and no overheating. The reason, apart from the ones mentioned above, which led to their destruction, has been established.