Industry 4.0
Vol. 11 (2026), Issue 2, pg(s) 96-103

SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

Review of the Development of Modern Green Energy Generators and Systems

  • 1 Georgian Technical University (GTU), Faculty of Transportation and Mechanical Engineering, 0171 Tbilisi – Georgia

Abstract

Green energy (GE) is a type of renewable energy (RE) that is obtained from natural sources that are constantly renewed and do not pollute the environment or do so minimally. The main green energy sources (GES), which are considered the cleanest forms of energy or types of renewable energy sources (RES), are wind, water, sun and earth. While the world, particularly in the most developed countries, has made significant progress in adopting and applying the various forms of green energy (GE), in Georgia this field is in its initial stage and it is not possible to predict when the first major positive developments will be made. Currently, more than 10% of the world’s primary energy consumption comes from green energy (GE) technologies, namely: hydropower with approximately 5.1%, followed by wind power with 2.5%, solar power with 1.5% and other types of green energy with 0.9%. The development of cheap, dominant and fast-growing technologies and the development of cheap, intelligent and smart green energy generators and systems will ensure the increase of all types of green energy (GE) in the future. The paper provides a brief review of the historical development of different types of green energy systems, (GES) with a special focus on the historical development of wind turbines (WT). It also provides an review and analysis of several types of intelligent and smart green energy systems (GES), which include: Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent and smart sensors and other components of systems.

Keywords

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