International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Environmental pollution should be understood as a permanent process caused mostly by anthropogenic factors, that is man. The products of combustion from internal combustion engines are toxic and harmful effects on humans and the environment. This is one reason for research of biogas as an alternative fuel and its benefits for smaller amounts of harmful products in its combustion. For this purpose is reconstructed diesel engine that runs with a mixed fuel diesel- biogas where diesel fuel used for combustion and biogas propulsion engine combustion. Thus it is given the overall internal construction of this type of engine. There is calculated speed characteristics of the diesel engine and the reconstructed motor biogas. Thus these diagrammatic comparisons will indicate the nature of the changes in both engines.

One of the most used types of biofuels is the biogas, produced during the process of anaerobic digestion of organic waste. The current project aims utilization of plant biomass waste, used to produce energy in the form of biogas, after proper pretreatment, in order to enhance energetic value and yield. Proper resource and method of pretreatment will be chosen, in order to obtain high biogas yields. The chosen technology will be tested in a plug-flow bioreactor to optimize the technical parameters.

The results of theoretical calculation of biogas yield in psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, as well as in the combined fermentation of the substrate. Based on these data, the advanced technology combined fermentation of agricultural biowaste. This will provide baseline data for the development of new structural and technological schemes of biogas plants that will improve the efficiency of processing animal waste due to the intensification of the process of bioconversion.

The rational technology biotreatment of agricultural waste, including next operations: pre-preparation of raw materials, acid stage fermentation of the substrate and alkaline stage was developed. Advantage is manifested in the fact that in each phase are optimal conditions for the development and life activity of the microbial population, which is necessary to improve the efficiency of fermentation of biomass. The biogas plant with a double – chamber bioreactor was developed, scale tests conducted and their results were shown. A method of calculating the basic parameters of the technological equipment for processing waste were developed.

This paper presents the tasks, necessary for designing highly reliable energy systems.