International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

High-voltage electrical discharge (HVED) treatment of powder mixtures is a modern, efficient, and economically advantageous method for both particle size reduction and modification of the material’s phase composition. The primary mechanisms of particle destruction within the discharge zone include shock waves, microcavitation, ablation, collisions with chamber components, and mutual abrasion between particles.
The application of machine learning methods to model HVED processes for titanium—a promising material for composite applications— enables more accurate predictions and optimization of the technological workflow.
The data used for modeling were obtained between 2013 and 2021 and include results from the treatment of the initial titanium powder (with an average diameter of d₀ = 60 μm) in ethanol. This setup enabled the formation of a volume-distributed multi-spark discharge (VMD) within the ethanol–powder dispersed system. The dataset includes information on the number of treatment pulses, discharge gap, pressure in the discharge channels, pressure on the chamber walls, and the amount of titanium carbide formed during the treatment process.
It was shown that the concentration of TiC gradually rises with the increase of specific treatment energy, regardless of the interelectrode gap. Specifically, at a specific energy (Ws) of 5 to 15 MJ/kg, the amount of titanium carbide reaches 10%; at 15 to 30 MJ/kg, it increases to 20%; and at energy levels above 30 MJ/kg, the TiC content reaches 30%.
Keywords: Ethanol, Titanium, Titanium Carbide, High-Voltage Electrical Discharge, Volume-Distributed Multispark Discharge, Electric Discharge Dispersion, Plasma Technologies, Machine Learning, Logistic Regression, Random Forest

Impact of changing compression ratio by varying the combustion chamber geometry on the engine performance was investigated, SI single cylinder air-cooled engine fuelled with unleaded gasoline and pure ethanol was used. These tests were conducted on three different compression ratios of, 7:1 8.5:1, and 10:1 with a wide-open throttle, and three different ignition timing, before and after top died centre. . The results showed that the BMEP (brake mean effective pressure), BTE (brake thermal efficiency), and BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) obtained with the use of gasoline blends at all CRs were generally increased when they were compared to those of pure gasoline. In general, ethanol provided a lower exhaust emission compared to gasoline’s emissions at all CRs. Furthermore NOx emissions was affected much more than other exhaust emissions when changing the compression ratios compared to un leaded gasoline © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICEER 2018

The ecological effect was studied when using ethanol-containing fuel mixtures in gasoline engines. It has been established that with increasing the mass fraction of ethanol in the fuel mixture, the amount of carbon monoxide and oxygen emissions decreases in the exhaust gases, and the amount of carbon dioxide increases.

Ethanol is a renewable, domestically produced alcohol fuel made from plant materials, such as corn, sugar cane, or grasses.
Using ethanol we can reduce oil dependence and greenhouse gas emissions. Ethanol fuel used in the U.S. has increased dramatically from about 1.7 billion gallons in 2001 to about 13.4 billion in 2014. E10 is now the standard replacement for traditional unleaded. Over 90% of all unleaded sold today contains ethanol.

In this paper it has been examined the influence of the E10 fuel mixure on some car engine performance.

The use of oxygenates as a gasoline blend is one of production methods for high octane gasoline and reduction of harmful compounds amount in exhaust gas. Distillation curves are presented for single monohydroxy alcohols and gasoline mixtures containing 3- 15% by volume of ethanol, 1-butanol and i-butanol (2-methyl-1-propanol) which can be obtained from renewable sources. The influence of various concentrations of these alcohols on the distillation characteristics of base gasoline were investigated. Most alcohols form mixtures with gasoline exhibiting near-azeotropic behavior near its boiling point that significantly affect the shape of the distillation curves. In addition, distillation curves for a variety of dual-alcohol blends are presented, containing 10-20% by volume of two alcohols.