International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Nowadays, the ecological restoration of mining tailings has become one of the urgent tasks for mine managers and environmental engineers all over the world. The present paper aims to highlight how the reaction of different iron ore tailin gs to the natural revegetation process. For this purpose, three tailing forms were selected in Gol-e- Gohar mining region, Sirjan city, Kerman province, Iran. These types of mineral tailing are dry tailings depots, wet tailings, and overburden and three years passed after their depot . These three Iron ore tailing forms are the main elements of iron exploitation. For vegetation assessment, using 2m2 plots in each different tailing depot, plant species were recorded. All plant data was transferred to R software. Finally, 45 plant species belong to 18 genera were recorded in the adjacent un-mine site as a control area. To evaluate the diversity of vegetation composition, the Shannon – Wiener index was performed and plant diversity was obtained for each tailing. According to the results, the Overburden vegetation with an index of 1.49 has the highest diversity after the control area (1.95) and supports a larger number of plant species (21 species). Wet tailings and un-stabilized dry tailings have the least plant diversity (0.00), while mulch-stabilized dry tailings support a larger number of plant species (Four species and 0.96 Shannon index). The results show that to restore the vegetation of different tailings, local raw materials and overburden should be u sed due to their nutrients and strong seed bank.

Deserts cover about one-fifth of the Earth’s surface and most of them have a considerable amount of specialized vegetation which is important for soil conservation..Two species of Saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon aphyllum) are the dominant plants in the vast deserts of Iran and both of them are the major plants for afforestation in the desert area. Due to the large area of land planted with Saxaul, the importance of these lands as carbon storage, become more and more. This study carried out in Boeen Zahra desert region of Iran in order to evaluate carbon storage in Saxaul Forests. Study area is located in the south of Qazvin province. Sampling was done in Saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum) stands and the native vegetation of adjacent area (Control area). In both areas, the amounts of aboveground and underground biomass of the species were calculated by cutting and weighing the aerial parts (leaves, stem), roots, and soil Sampling was carried out to a depth of 30 cm. The comparison of the carbon content of H. aphyllum in the unit of the measuring surface and control areas showed the difference of this ability between two areas. (p<0.01). The results indicated that the total soil carbon content of H. aphyllum (1453.2 kg/ha) was significantly (p<0.01) more than the control area (314.3 kg/ha).

Construction of the road in the saline area can alter plant communities and diversity. To determine the road effect on plant community composition and diversity in the saline environment around Gol-E-Gohar region (Kerman province, Iran), we conducted a study along roads of Sirjan- Gol-E-Gohar Iron ore and in nearby non-road (i.e. natural) areas in the rangelands of Kaviz Kouh, Sirjan. In addition to plant richness, diversity and composition of plant communities along this roads, we evaluated physiochemical changes in soil of roadside and non-road areas. Floristic data and soil samples were collected along the roadside of Sirajn – Gol-E-Gohar and nearby Kaviz
Kouh . To evaluate plant communities at each site, 30 1 m × 1 m quadrats were placed at 10-m intervals along roads and 30 quadrats were arranged randomly in non-road areas. To determine the difference in plant community composition between roadside and non-road areas, we measured species richness and diversity in each site by Shanon index. Plant community (species richness, diversity) and soil physicochemical properties (pH, salinity, ESP, SAR, Lime, Gypsum and Texture) were compared between roadside and non-road areas by using t-tests. Results showed species richness and diversity in roadside areas was significantly higher than in non-road areas and higher Shannon index indicated that roadside can support more species composition. The plant communities in roadside areas had lower percentages of Chenopodiaceae family and had the higher percentage of Asteraceae, Poaceae and Brassicaceae family in plant composition. Compared to non-road areas, activities associated with roads significantly decreased, bulk density and salinity and increased soil pH and sand. According to results road Construction in the saline area of Gol-E-Gohar can improve portion non Halophyte species in plant composition and alter soil properties just along the roadside.