The paper presents a comparative analysis of soil crushing after ploughing with ploughbodies with a classical plowing surface and those with lamellar surface.
Researchs of the influence of the soil particles were perfomed on the powder loamy soil to powder clay texture. Standard and welded ploughshares were tested. The standard ploughshares are made of steel 50Mn7. The welded ploughshares are made by applying C-Cr-
Co-Ni-Si additional material on the steel 50Mn7. The ploughshares are tested on the plough roller machine. Researches were perfomed in periods of 120, 240 and 360 hours of ploughing, or 60, 120 and 180 work hours of each ploughshare. After 180 hours of work at least average reduction of the ploughshares lenght was at welded ploughshares and it amounted to 8,27 % of the initial length. At the same time reduced the average length of the top of the ploughshares with standard ploughshares amounted to 19,65 % of the initial length. It was concluded that the application of welded ploughshares can contribute to increased of the productivity.
Researchs of the influence of the soil particles were perfomed on the powder loamy soil to powder clay texture. Standard and welded ploughshares were tested. The standard ploughshares are made of steel 50Mn7. The welded ploughshares are made by applying C-Cr-Co-Ni-Si additional material on the steel 50Mn7. The ploughshares are tested on the plough roller machine. Researches were perfomed in periods of 120, 240 and 360 hours of ploughing, or 60, 120 and 180 work hours of each ploughshare. After 180 hours of work at least average reduction of the ploughshares lenght was at welded ploughshares and it amounted to 8,27 % of the initial length. At the same time reduced the average length of the top of the ploughshares with standard ploughshares amounted to 19,65 % of the initial length. It was concluded that the application of welded ploughshares can contribute to increased of the productivity.
Theoretical analysis has been undertaken to determine the effect of the plough’s structural layout on the total length of the tractor- implement unit’s turning path. Basing on the results of the analysis, the utility of employing a reversible plough instead of a conventional one has been assessed. Eventually, it has been found that, when ploughing a 68.2 m wide land with an area of 8.2 hectares, the total length of the path of travel on the headlands is 1980 m for the reversible plough unit and 2035 m for the conventional plough unit, which is an increase by 2.7%. At an average manoeuvring speed of 1.75 m/s (6.3 km/h), the total amount of time spent for turning by a unit with conventional ploughing tools will be greater by mere 0.5 min. If the ploughed land is magnified by almost 1.5 times (12.0 hectares instead of 8.2), the width of the field will reach 100 m. In this case, the ploughing unit with a conventional plough will travel an 850 m longer path on the headlands. At the above-mentioned average headland manoeuvring speed of 1.75 m/s the increase of time spent by this type of tilling unit for turning will amount to just 8 min. The only advantage of the reversible plough over the conventional one is the opportunity to avoid the appearance of crown ridges and dead furrows when tilling the field. Meanwhile, it is to be noted that with a sufficient qualification of the machine operator the said advantage of the newer tilling implements can be levelled down. Considering the equal productivity of the compared tilling units, a negligible difference between their rates of non-productive expenditure of working time as well as taking into account the infrequent performance of ploughing, i.e. once in several years, in view of the considerably (several times) higher cost of a reversible plough, the acquisition of the latter presents an economically inadvisable option.
At the present stage soil tillage is done mainly by applying the principles of mechanics. Its development is in three directions: improvement of the working bodies, increasing the productivity of agricultural machinery and power of tractors. All these directions lead to the accumulation of a wide variety of attachments, very large in size and mass of agricultural machines and tractors, which ultimately go to its limits. These features of the present-day stage are exhausted. It is necessary to look for other methods for tillage of the soil, using other principles of the physics or other areas of science.
Evaluation of the performance of soil tillage machines is carried out in one or more indicators making a quantitative comparison between them or their criteria or generalized ones. These methods can provide an independent evaluation of one or another machine. They can not determine the degree of perfection of the machine. Proposed a comprehensive evaluation criterion the degree of perfection of the machines. It is used to estimate the plow, created by us and a standard one. It is proved that the new plow has a degree of perfection – a complex criterion D = 0,727. In this case D – criteria is 1.35 times higher than the standard plow, i.e. the new plow is more sophisticated than the standard, but not ideal.
It is known that the classical plough not fully reverse the soil layer. As a result, the top soil is placed at various depths below the surface of the field. Proposed a plough for fully reverse of the soil layer with extended rear plow body. As a result, an additional resistive force was created which displaces linkage point on the plow. Is obtained analytical dependence for the determination of the displacement of the linkage point of the plow for fully reverse of soil layer. The same relationship is illustrated for different numbers (2 to 10) plow bodies with working width of 35 cm.