Mechanization in agriculture & Conserving of the resources
Vol. 65 (2019), Issue 3

Table of Contents

  • MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE

  • CONSERVING OF THE RESOURCES

    • Problems of development of production and technological component of the agrarian sector of Ukraine

      pg(s) 102-105

      In the article, the analysis of condition of production of agricultural products of Ukraine for 2010-2016 studied the dynamics of agricultural production in Ukraine by categories of farms. The basic indicators of activity of agricultural enterprises. Researched logistical support of agricultural enterprises. The dynamics of the availability of agricultural machinery and purchase of domestic agricultural enterprises, new agricultural machinery and equipment. Analyzed the capacities of the agrarian sector, in particular the introduction of the capacity for agricultural purposes. Correlation and regression analysis index of sale prices of agricultural products by agricultural enterprises and the factors influencing it. Formulated the basic directions of further development of the agrarian sector of Ukraine.

    • Technological and technological support as the main factor of sustainability development of agro-industrial production

      pg(s) 106-110

      Creation of prerequisites for increasing the efficiency of crop production through the innovation development of the industry on the basis of knowledge-intensive technologies and technology and their compliance with the conditions of conducting agrarian business. Monographic, economic-mathematical, graph-analytical, system engineering. It was established that the main reserve for improving the efficiency of agricultural production is the innovative development of the industry on the basis of resource-saving technologies and technology of the new generation. It is determined that the characteristic feature of the modern period of development of agricultural production is the need to ensure the continuity and rhythm of production processes, their adaptability to changing natural and climatic conditions, increase resource – and energy efficiency due to technical and operational-technological characteristics of the technology, its universalization. Requirements for the development of the material and technical base of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy are determined. The general direction of the development of the technical and technological base of agricultural production should be the creation and production of universal machines equipped with automation tools that are easy to adapt to the specific production conditions and requirements of agrotechnics, and ensure the implementation of technological processes in the established agricultural machinery with the minimum possible costs of energy resources for the production of safe food products.

    • Impact of watering regimes on apple yields under various meteorological conditions and micro irrigation

      pg(s) 114-116

      Analysis of meteorological factors shows that the temperature sums during the vegetation of the main crops grow but are relatively stable, ie. they are not a limiting factor for their normal growth and development. Rainfall, however, in terms of quantity and distribution changes in a considerably wider range over ten days periods, months and years. The instability of this meteorological factor predetermines irrigation as a major event of the agro-technical complex, which is decisive for the achievement of high and sustainable yields.

      Increasing water deficit requires the use of water-saving irrigation technologies in the practice of irrigated agriculture and the conduct of research to optimize irrigation regimes in order to increase the efficiency of irrigation water used. One of the ways to achieve this goal is irrigation with reduced irrigation norms while preserving the number of waterings. The advantage of these reduced irrigation regimes is the saving of water at acceptable yield losses. Their application is warranted when there is a possibility of accurate dosing of irrigation water and the irrigations are of low cost.

      In order to establish the irrigation regime of apples in drip irrigation, field experiments were carried out on the Chelopechene-Sofia experimental field. Irrigation is carried out with a drop in pre-watering humidity to 85% of WHC and variants irrigated by a reduction of irrigation rate with 20% and 40% compared to the variant irrigated at 100% WHC and non-irrigated variant.
      The conducted irrigated regimes during the years have had an impact on the yields obtained, with the highest results being obtained for the irrigated variants with 100% irrigation rate and the lowest for the non-irrigated variants. The largest increase in yield was obtained in 2004 (characterized as dry), which is with 55% (apples) more than non-irrigated variants, and the smallest increase of 25% (apples) was obtained during the humid 2005.