International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In the contribution, the surface quality of the steel substrate is analyzed from the point of view of its microgeometry as a set of quantities capturing the differences of individual surface changes. The subject of investigation are the surfaces of steel substrates, i.e. the base material, degreased surface, standard galvanized surface, surface after galvanizing and subsequent chromating, surface after phosphating and surface after phosphating and application of RAL coating.

Free form or shaped surfaces are found on a large number of modern engineering products. 3- or multi-axis CNC milling is usually used in their production. CAM systems are almost exclusively used in the creation of control programs. The aim of the presented research was to compare the quality of shaped surfaces made by 3- and 5-axis milling using three frequently used strategies. A sample with hemispherical surfaces was designed for the experiment. The surfaces predicted by the CAM system were compared with the surfaces actually produced. The disagreement of the predicted surface deviations with the deviations of the produced surfaces was demonstrated. In the evaluation of surface roughness, the advantage of 5-axis milling was partially demonstrated when one of the strategies achieved lower roughness, at two strategies the roughness was identical to 3-axis milling.

In this study, the effect of overlay paper properties on the surface quality of laminate flooring was investigated. For this aim, only the upper surface of 22 gr/m² raw overlay papers impregnated with 53% melamine formaldehyde resin in the glue pool was sprinkled by corundum (Al2O3) in two different ratios (23 and 28 gr/m²) from different companies at 140-160 ºC. In the drying ovens, the impregnated overlay papers with a final weight of 135 and 140 gr/m² and a humidity of 7.5% were produced. The panels obtained at the end of these processes were tested according to TS-EN 14323 and related standards, which are surface quality features such as surface abrasion, surface scratch and ash test. According to the test results, it has been observed that under the same pressing conditions, different corundum type and amount as well as laminate floorings covered with overlay papers with different final weights have an effect on the surface quali ty properties. It was observed that although the increase in the amount of corundum did not have a significant effect on surface scratching, it had a significant effect on surface wear values. According to the results of the ash test, it was observed that the amount of corundum increased and its distribution on the overlay paper surface was homogeneous.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of adhesive type on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Three types of adhesives, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea formaldehyde adhesive, and acrylic adhesive, were used in the production of lab scale particleboards with three layers. The particleboards produced with the acrylic adhesive had the best physical and mechanical properties, followed by MUF adhesive, and UF adhesive, respectively. The lowest formaldehyde emission was observed for the acrylic bonded particleboards, followed by MUF, and UF adhesive bonded particleboards, respectively. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, the acrylic adhesive can be efficiently used in the production of particleboard.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of adhesive type on physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Three types of adhesives, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea formaldehyde adhesive, and acrylic adhesive, were used in the production of lab scale particleboards with three layers. The particleboards produced with the acrylic adhesive had the best physical and mechanical properties, followed by MUF adhesive, and UF adhesive, respectively. The lowest formaldehyde emission was observed for the acrylic bonded particleboards, followed by MUF, and UF adhesive bonded particleboards, respectively. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, the acrylic adhesive can be efficiently used in the production of particleboard.

Modern machines allow to position cutting tools relative to the workpiece with an accuracy of 1 micron, but increasing of producing detail accuracy can be achieved only by an increase of sharpness of the cutting tool, which will guarantee allow to cut required metal pads of the size of 2 … 5 microns, and will reduce the time spent on finishing operations. Existing manufacturing techniques and sharpening of cutting tools let to receive the sharpness of the blade up to 10 microns. A further increase of sharpness is only possible with the use of high-speed sharpening.