International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

A review and analysis of methods for the detection and recognition of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been carried out. UAV detection channels were considered – acoustic, optical, radar, infrared, radio reconnaissance channel. The advantages and disadvantages of the channels used are compared and evaluated. In the case of small UAVs, there are a number of significant difficulties and limitations. One of the directions in UAV detection is acoustic observations. The noise created by the UAV’s power plant and propeller is an important unmasking feature. The creation and improvement of methods for the detection, direction-finding and recognition of small UAVs by receiving and processing their sound signals is an urgent task. In the implementation of this method of detection of UAVs are used frequency spectra, spectrograms, normalized autocorrelation functions and phase portraits of acoustic signals. Information features of the UAV sound image can be estimates of spectral coefficients determined from a discrete implementation containing a given number of samples, as well as parameters of autoregressive models.

Measuring pollutant gases for real-time air quality monitoring is a challenging task that claims a lot of time of observation and large numbers of sensors [1]. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with different micro-sensors have been introduced for air quality monitoring, as they can offer new approaches and research opportunities in air pollution and emission monitoring instead of ground-based monitoring systems [2]. UAVs with mobile monitoring devices are an effective, flexible and alternative mean to collect air pollutant concentration data [3]. Hence, deployment of a fleet of UAVs could be considered as an acceptable alternative for the purpose of air monitoring [4]. The aim of this paper is to elaborate performance capabilities of UAVs for effective monitoring of air pollution, providing the ability to measure air pollutants with high sensitivities.

The technological process of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) application in the system of precise farming includes sequential interrelated operations: monitoring and sounding of crops (using light UAVs equipped with multispectral cameras), obtaining, processing and transmitting information for crop management, differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers according to a specified treatment program (UAV through a large payload).