TECHNOLOGIES

Evaluation of the quality of forgings depending on the technological parameters of production

  • 1 Technical university of Kosice, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Košice, Slovakia

Abstract

The article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the quality of forgings depending on the forging parameters used. The forging and subsequent heat treatment processes revealed the occurrence of cracks in the forgings. The article examines the possible causes of cracks, which can be caused by carburizing annealing and loss of plasticity during stress relaxation. Tool wear and damage during forging also affect the formation of cracks. These factors were identified as key factors contributing to the formation of non-metallic oxide inclusions, the transfer of surface defects and the formation of lamellar propagation during subsequent heat treatment. The findings highlight the influence of tool conditions and process parameters on the quality and reliability of steel forgings..

Keywords

References

  1. Bílik, J. THE THEORETICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SURFACE LAYERS MECHANICAL STRENGHTENING; AlumniPress, STU, Trnava, Slovakia. ISBN: 978-80-8096-020-9 (2007)
  2. Bentley KP.. Precipitation during stress relief of welds in Cr - Mo -V steels. Br Weld J p. 507–515, (1964)
  3. Brezinová, J.; Viňáš, J.; Draganovská, D.; Guzanová, A.. Fundamentals of Materials Engineering.; Publisher: Study literature edition, Košice, Slovakia. ISBN: 978-80-553-3745- 6, pp. 256–273 (2020)
  4. Brziak, P.; kol.. Materials and their behavior during welding.; Publisher: Welding Research Institute - Industrial Institute of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava Slovakia; ISBN: 978-80-96933-09-9; pp. 117 (2020)
  5. ČSN EN 1011-2:2002/A1, Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels, Praha: Czech norms institute (2002).
  6. George E. Dieter, Material Factors Affecting Workability.. ASM Handbook Forming and Forging, Volume 14. pp. 782- 794 (1993)
  7. George E. Dieter, Forging Defects. ASM Handbook Forming and Forging, Volume 14. pp. 834-841 (1993)
  8. Ito, Y.; Bessyo, K.. Cracking parameter of high strength steels related to heat affected zone cracking. Available online: doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.37.983 (1968)
  9. Kotecki DJ. Fourth round robin report-trace elements in Cr- Mo-V steel weld metal. Weld World 60(4):639–643 (2016)
  10. Kromm, Arne & Lausch, Thomas & Schroepfer, Dirk & Rhode, Michael & Kannengiesser, Thomas. Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel Part II: mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment. Welding in the World. 64. 10.1007/s40194-020-00881-8. (2020)
  11. Kroupa A, Výrostková A, Svoboda M, Janovec J. Carbide reactions and phase equilibria in low-alloy Cr–Mo–V steels tempered at 773–993 K. Part II: theoretical calculations. Acta Materialia, Bd 46(1): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00239-5 (1998)
  12. Nakamura N, Wnjo T, Kikuchi Y. Effects of heat-affected zone microstructure on reheat cracking susceptibility of Cr- Mo steels. Weld Int 6(6):436–442 (1992)
  13. Nawrocki, J.G. & DuPont, J.N. & Robino, C.V. & Puskar, J.D. & Marder, Arnold. The mechanism of stress-relief cracking in a ferritic alloy steel. Welding Journal (Miami, Fla). 82. 25/S-35/S. (2003)
  14. Nawrocki, J.G.. Stress-relief cracking of a ferritic alloy steel. Welding Research Abroad. 48. 16-23 (2002)
  15. Tamaki K, Suzuki J. Reheat cracking test on high strength steels by a modified implant test – (Study of reheat cracking of Cr-Mo steels, Report I). Trans Jpn Weld Soc Bd 14(2):33– 38 (1983)

Article full text

Download PDF