International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The aim of the project is to develop a sophisticated production process management system tailored for electric guitar manufacturing. This system will utilize various subsystems to continuously gather data on product quality, semi-finished products, work performance, resource usage and employee status. The system will automatically suggest modifications to the production process, enabling real-time optimization. The project plans to primarily employ non-contact measurement methods, which will be processed in real time and feedback into the production process optimisation.

The article examines the modern processes of development of passenger water transport in the context of the global transport system, and tracks patterns and trends in the development of port infrastructure and cruise shipbuilding in recent years. Environmental problems of various nature arising from the intensive development of cruise shipping, as well as ways to solve them, are
analyzed.

Nowadays there are millions of people who use the internet and each of them is a potential customer for a company that offers online sales. Due to the rapid development of technology, companies that are interested in selling their products through the use of the internet will have to constantly seek for a competitive advantage in this fierce competition. E-commerce is emerging as a new way to help businesses increase competitiveness and thus contribute to the country’s economic success. The COVID-19 situation made people live differently, buy differently and think differently. During the period of total quarantine of individuals but also of shops, online trading was seen as a necessity by companies. The internet is a good way to get new requests from consumers. This is why it is important for online retailers. During the COVID-19 period, companies needed to manage change, finding new ways to be close to customers through online sales, but also designing new ways of working. The purpose of this article is to identify the management of changes by Albanian companies in the use of technology as well as e-commerce during and after the COVID -19 period.

Albania has significant renewable energy resource potential from hydro, wind and solar energy. It is a special case regarding electricity generation because most of (99%) is provided using large and medium hydro power plants. So, energy generation in Albania is free from greenhouse gas emissions. But since hydrological conditions change from year to year, the country has been forced to support the import of electricity from countries in the region and mainly from Kosovo. The use of wind energy in Albania would not only reduce dependence on imports but also would affect the decarbonization of the energy sector in the region, which is supported by fossil resources. This study estimates the amount of CO2 that could be reduced if a renewable energy source, such as wind energy, would replace energy generation from the use of fossil fuels sources. In case when the energy is generated from coal thermal power plants in Kosovo, emitting an average of 1,205 tCO2/MWh, results in reduction of 36,632.5 tCO2 for generating 30.6 GWh electricity yearly and in case when electricity generation is from Vlora gas power plant, emitting an average of 0.341 tCO2/MWh results in reduction of 10,379.3 tCO2 for the same amount of electricity generated in first case.

In recent years, 3D printing has gradually appeared in people’s field of vision. The addition of wood in thermoplastics improve their some mechanical properties such as tensile and bending modulus without affecting its biodegradability. The decrease in the cost of filaments may enlarge the utilization of biodegradable filaments after the disposal in near future. Smallscale elements used in furniture production, such as connector fittings or fasteners for shelves, may give functional and structural
properties without significant investment. 3D-printed connections are suitable when the the production complex shaped connectors and quick disassembly are required, to reduce the product’s weight and price

Situational awareness is of fundamental importance when one is faced with the need to make adequate decisions regarding increasing performance or to make structural reforms in a certain field. Rail cargo transport is of paramount importance for both the increasing demand for intermodal transport and greener inland transportation. The Republic of Bulgaria has a unique geographical location which offers certain opportunities and limitations regarding the development and maintaining a strong and efficient transport sector. The purpose of this paper is to give the reader a snapshot of the current situation in the sector and to outline some good practices implemented by some world leaders in the rail transport sector which can be applied domestically to increase overall performance.

More that 80% of world trade is transported by sea. Ships are the primary means of transporting cars around the world as well. Most often, this is done with specialized ships called Ro-Ro (Roll on-Roll off), and sometimes, when it comes to individual units, in containers. One of the main concerns during such transportation is the fire safety of the ships. At the same time automotive technology is changing, electric powered vehicles are increasingly displacing internal combustion engines. In the last decade, the production of electric and hybrid cars has grown significantly, which has also led to an increase in the volume of their transportation. However, this also brought a new challenge – the risk of fire caused by their batteries malfunctioning. The danger of fire associated with lithium-ion batteries is well known and there have been quite a few such cases in recent years. The idea of this study is to highlight the conditions of carriage, the fire safety measures on board the ships, as well as the ways of fighting a possible fire.

The paper presents a methodology focused on the leadership style assessment based on exact characteristics of the business environment and their influence on the employees’ motivation. The conceptual framework is to explore the correlation between the applied leadership style, the level of uncertainty of the external environment, and the motivational level of the followers. In this regard, the paper aims to find dependencies among the leadership style and its behavioral application towards the level of motivation. Based on this research design, it is possible for the managers to implement a specific approach that will increase the employees’ motivational level in a concrete level of uncertainty of the business environment. The application of the methodological conditions in organizations from different industries can be beneficial for managers to smooth out an effective and cohesive team, which together overcomes threats from the external environment and the continuous confrontation with new crisis situations.

Experts’ climate models predict a continued trend in global warming over the coming decades. They present climate change as a major challenge to modern society with a clear and complex nature in various aspects – ecological, social, technological, economic and political. The EU’s response to the challenges of climate change and the environment is contained in the Union’s strategic goals and objectives for 2030 with a horizon of 2050, agreed in the Green Deal and the Digital Compass of the European Union.
The purpose of this report is to present the state of environmental indicators for Bulgaria and the region and the role of natural carbon sinks for their improvement.

The set of methods and rules in the process of providing raw materials can be considered a strategy for stock management. Each strategy is associated with specific and expected costs. Still, optimally, we can call that strategy that, under the given conditions, leads to minimal expenses related to the material provision of the studied system. Part of the stock management process is establishing the timing of the deliveries, the necessary volumes and the distribution of the incoming lots to the various warehouses and units. The search for optimal strategies is subject to the theory of optimal stock management. This makes it possible to release significant funds frozen in the form of stocks, which leads to increased efficiency of the material resources used. The optimal inventory management strategy and flexibility also lead to improved production processes and reduced and excluded possible interruptions caused by lack or shortage of materials. The stock management process influences the planning, forecasting, and fulfilment of production needs and orders.
The elements of the business system described so far, in which raw materials, materials and their stocks have a significant impact, show the importance of the stock management strategy of each economic unit. That the chosen and functioning system is optimal is a substantial part of the overall success in any enterprise or other form of business process implementation.

The paper presents the conceptual framework of an international project focused on the development of entrepreneurship culture at academic level. Academic entrepreneurship is seen as a means of commercialization, which is the transformation of knowledge into products, processes, and organization and their contribution to economic growth and innovation. In this regard the project is aimed to explore hidden strengths of academic entrepreneurship in detail and in various aspects oriented to students, academic staff, and businesspeople. The project will suggest training materials in line with the changes in the economic environment in recent years to create both entrepreneurial culture and skills to start own business under the supervision by academic entrepreneurs.

In this paper, the author will point out the determinants of safety and security at work in the context of the requirements of the HSEQ (Health, Safety, Environment and Quality) standard with practical application on the construction site in the context of maintenance of technical systems. The key determinant in the occupational safety approach in the context of general safety and maintenance of technical systems is prevention. Prevention implies planned and undertaken safety measures in every work procedure at the employer, with the aim of preventing or reducing risks at work. When basic organizational safety measures, i.e. basic rules and equipment for work protection, cannot eliminate or sufficiently limit the risks to the safety and health of workers, the employer is obliged as part of specific security to provide additional appropriate protective equipment and additional work protection measures, and ensure the training of workers in order to use it in a prescribed and correct manner. In this paper, the author will give numerous examples of the practical application of specific safety in specific working conditions. In this paper, the author will give examples of the application of prevention and general work safety with risk assessment on the construction site in the specific case of a renowned company with extensive international experience.