International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In this paper, the author will point out the determinants of safety and security at work in the context of the requirements of the HSEQ (Health, Safety, Environment and Quality) standard with practical application on the construction site in the context of maintenance of technical systems. The key determinant in the occupational safety approach in the context of general safety and maintenance of technical systems is prevention. Prevention implies planned and undertaken safety measures in every work procedure at the employer, with the aim of preventing or reducing risks at work. When basic organizational safety measures, i.e. basic rules and equipment for work protection, cannot eliminate or sufficiently limit the risks to the safety and health of workers, the employer is obliged as part of specific security to provide additional appropriate protective equipment and additional work protection measures, and ensure the training of workers in order to use it in a prescribed and correct manner. In this paper, the author will give numerous examples of the practical application of specific safety in specific working conditions. In this paper, the author will give examples of the application of prevention and general work safety with risk assessment on the construction site in the specific case of a renowned company with extensive international experience.

The article discusses the international transport route that passes through the South Caucasus and is part of the transport-logistics system connecting Europe-Asia. The international transport corridor is considered as a way to strengthen the unity of the country’s economic space and develop international cooperation. The importance of the corridor is particularly noteworthy in the current geopolitical situation, when the transit cargo turnover in the South Caucasus region has increased, and the interest of international carriers is growing every year. The current state of the transport corridor is analyzed, as well as the role of Batumi and Poti ports in the development of transit freight. Moving cargo from the Caspian region to Europe is possible only with a developed transport and logistics infrastructure. A number of measures have been analyzed to eliminate obstacles in certain areas of the corridor, which will ensure its proper functioning. This can be achieved by implementing new infrastructure projects, simplifying customs procedures, implementing TradeLens, etc.

This study presents the process of confirming the conformity of welding production facilities in Iraqi-Russian transactions. The purpose of this work is to simplify the interaction between the manufacturer and the purchaser in Iraqi-Russian transactions when importing/exporting welding equipment and materials. In this study we will: (1) Analysis of international trade in the field of welding production. (2) Analysis of the problems faced by the import and export of welding production facilities. (3) Evaluation of requirements for products in the field of welding production in Russia and Iraq. (4) Preparation of welding products for entering the international market. (5) Development of a draft agreement on the recognition of requirements.

Today, as tourism is recognized as one of the priority sectors of the economy of Georgia and contributes to the socioeconomic development of the country, it is especially important to tudy the existing tourist transport infrastructure and introduce new innovative technologies in its management. As a result of the conducted research, we can conclude that the existing scientific-methodical and practical approaches in the field of tourism and transport cannot be considered effective enough to ensure the development of tourist transport infrastructure. An algorithm was developed for the development of tourist transport infrastructure. The mentioned method can be recommended in the field of tourism, for the development of tourist transport infrastructure.

Folk uses of wild plants for tea making are particular strongly linked to specific biodiversity and cultural knowledge. As part of Mediterranean climate, Albania and Kosovo have a reach plant diversity. This literature review, based on ethnobotanical studies in both countries, gather wild and cultivated plant species used in the form of the herbal infusions, with an attempt to document diversity of plant species and information for making herbal tea. Results obtained showed that plants listed in this study represented by around 150 taxa, grouped in 53 families. The Lamiaceae with 25 species, Asteraceae with 20 and Rosaceae with 17 species were the most represented botanical families. In Albania are used 128 plant species, while on Kosovo 75 species. Of these, around 53 plant species used in both countries, 75 species have usage only in Albania and 22 only in Kosovo. A large portion of the wild plant reports to be used as tea making in both countries. The most used plants in both countries are Origanum vulgare L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Melissa officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L., Rosa canina L. etc.

Climate change and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, have significantly increased interest globally in implementing technologies utilising renewable energy sources such as wind energy. This rise in interest it also in countries in which there is a lack of data showing longitudinal measures of wind speed. Balkan Wind Atlas was developed from Sander&Partner Institute in October 2014. It offers wind maps that are suitable to identify the windiest areas covering a surface of 325 000 km2 and a database for secured planning of wind energy for Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. This study investigated the high level of consistency of empirical wind measurements conducted on-site, compared to the ones offered in Balkan Wind Atlas. We also explore the ways of utilising the atlas through the WasP software to study wind potencial even in those areas where there are no on-site measurements, thus lowering costs for investments in wind farm projects. The evaluation of the wind energy potential in Topoja area was taken as a case study.

The combination of interests of TNCs and the state is considered. An assessment of the activities of the world’s largest TNCs. The dynamics of the number of TNCs in the top 100 companies in the world by country is determined. A comparative analysis of the size of market capitalization by sectors of companies. The contradiction between the international global nature of TNC operations and the territorially limited jurisdiction of the state was revealed. It was found that the market capitalization of multinational companies in the top 100 has decreased, but global companies have shown significantly better results than their smaller representatives have.

The position of the wood-processing industry in Slovakia has a stable and long-term tradition. The wood-processing industry has great potential in the country economy, to which high forest cover contributes. The aim of the submitted paper was to define the position of the wood-processing industry within the national economy of Slovakia, considering the age structure of enterprises and thus to present its potential. Current information on the researched issues was obtained through an empirical survey in the form of a questionnaire. The achieved results were subsequently processed by statistical methods and presented descriptively a graphically. It follows that most woodprocessing enterprises in Slovakia have a long-term tradition, and therefore the sector has the potential to become a pillar of the national economy.

The practice shows that the segmentation of the company business environment is making the strategic decisions difficult task for the bulgarian managers. A cardinal unit for company’s environment analysis is the so called strategic business-zone (SBZ) – separate section by the company’s surraunding, that the company has or wants to receive access to. SBZ qualified itself with consumer’s demand and needs and specific technology. They are characterized from parameters like: perspectives of the growth, from demand’s life cycle vew point; expected degree of instability and factors of successful competition for the future. The main task of survey is: to be explored the specific factors’ influence on the strategic decisions in the bulgarian enterprises.
The main exploratory theory is confirmed, that to be made enough adequately strategic decision bulgarian managers must to decide among so many different factors and select the appropriate strategic business zones with the biggest potential for the company.

Reverse logistics processes generate significant logistics costs if not optimized continuously and are often being undetermined. Logistics companies emphasize the necessity for optimization and process uniformization to its highest possible extent, while disadvantages as process duration, educated personnel, and unsatisfied consumers are reverse logistics barriers. For the paper research, the focus has been directed to reverse logistics process analysis at the location of a supplier on the Republic of Croatia logistics market. The case study consists of highlighting reverse logistics issues, on-site analysis, and possibilities to optimize time-consuming processes. Analysis has been provided throughout time measurement of individual reverse logistics process with suggestions for optimization.

Mankind faces a number of challenges in the 21st century. Many of them are related to the achievement of the goals and ideas set in the concept of sustainable development of modern UN society. The bio-sector, which is developing within the borders of the Bulgarian economy, has undergone rapid development in the last few years. Many factors have influenced this process, the most sign ificant of which are: increased demand for organic products in international markets, high levels of public support for this type of production and the availability of favorable climatic conditions for their development. Innovation is the main tool for achieving competitiveness and economic growth at all levels – enterprise, industry, region or country. They are the fundamental means of improving people’s quality of life. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a survey conducted among bio-enterprises in the regions of Bulgaria and to show that the green innovation in the bio-sectors is the foundation for regional economic, social and environmental prosperity. The results of the study summarize the main directions for achieving regionally balanced sustainable development.

The project for improvement of the production process based on the Lean methodology in SMELT-ING DOO was implemented in four phases (mini projects). The detailed analysis of the work orders in the period of 9 months provided clear picture of the current situation. With the defined methodology and through mutual meetings with the upper management and the employees of the company, the project team managed to introduce and implement the following mini projects: improved visualisation, digital work order, implementation of 5S and portable tools trolley. All these mini projects have improved the organization of the production process and helped the process of waste
elimination in the company.