Mechanization in agriculture & Conserving of the resources
Vol. 61 (2015), Issue 3

Table of Contents

  • AN EFFICIENT HARVEST LINE FOR SHORT ROTATION COPPICES WITH A NEW MOWER-CHIPPER

    pg(s) 3-5

    The cultivation of short rotation coppice (SRC) such as poplar and willow on agricultural land is of increasing interest for farmers. But high investment costs, high processing costs, low flexibility of the machines as well as high machine weights are problems, which hinder an extensive implementation. Therefore, the development of a simple and low weight mower-chipper was started. The chipper was designed for mounting in front of medium sized standard tractors. The new developed machine has been tested in three harvest periods.

    Because of the very promising test results an industrial production is in preparation. To analyse the storage behaviour of wood chips different outdoor storage experiments were carried out at practice scale. Storage of coarse wood chips from the mower-chipper was compared with storage of fine chips produced by a forage harvester. Only small differences were found between both chip sizes.

  • THE BATCH-COMBINED MINIMUM TILLAGE FARMING MACHINE

    pg(s) 6-9

    The working members of the batch-combined machine for minimum tillage and crop tending are combined into two separate batches. By means of the first batch, there are performed simultaneously tilling and sowing operations, but the second is intended for surface tillage and crop tending. During just one field day, the machine is capable of performing 8…10 agricultural operations, and its working members can work in three modes: 1. Soil loosening without furrow slice overturning, when the main tillage unit (wedge) is in its working condition together with lateral knives (for the eroded soils); 2. Clod furrow slice pulverization and mixing, when the main tillage unit (wedge), lateral knives and rotary tiller are in their working conditions (for the non-eroded soils); 3. Cultivation of humid soils with a partial overturning of furrow slice, when the main tillage unit (wedge), lateral knives and rotary plough (instead of tiller) are in their working conditions. The cost of oil and lubricants and operating time are reduced by 2…2,5 times, and besides, the agrotechnical terms reduce considerably. The design formula for tillage output envisages both broken and unbroken soil strips. This formula can be also used for calculation of the machine output during cultivation, sowing, cutting the irrigation channels and so on. The proposed batch-combined machine can be also considered as energy-saving, resource-saving, environmental and advanced technology.

  • ТHEORY OF THE SEQUENTIAL OSCILATIONS OF THE SUGAR BEET ROOT DURING ITS VIBRATING DIGGING FROM THE SOIL

    pg(s) 10-14

    In order to determine the optimal design and kinematic parameters of vibrational digging harvest technology of the sugar beet roots in relation to the physical and mechanical soil properties it is necessary to develop a new theory of the sequential oscilations of the sugar beet root during its vibrating digging from the soil. Such theory should be based on a deep study of the mechanism of force interaction of digs plough shares vibration working body with the body beet root and its further translational vibrations in the soil, as in an elastic medium.

    In a first stage we have developed an equivalent scheme of the above mentioned harvest technology, there were determined all forces acting on sugar beet root (conic approximation) and surrounding soil (in depth of movement of the digging plough shares and deeper – point of relative gripping), there were given kinematic parameters of the oscillating action on the sugar beet root, and axes were introduced.

    Next there were composed of linear second order differential equations with constant coefficients with the right parts, which describe the free and forced vibrations of beet root and its point of attachment along the axes, together with the surrounding soil root in the first stage extraction.

    Results obtained by using of systems of differential equations obtained on the PC have enabled to formulate the law of motion of beet root in the process of direct extraction from the soil vibration, as well as calculate the frequency and amplitude of free and free accompanying vibrations and amplitudes of forced vibrations root as a rigid body in an elastic medium.

    According to calculations, the centre of mass of root through 0,025 s to implement horizontal translational movement to a distance of 50 mm at a frequency of the disturbing force 10 … 20 Hz vertical and translational movement over a distance of 35 mm, at the same frequency vibrations and soil hardness c1 = 2·105 N/m2.

  • MULTI-FUNCTION DEVICE OF A CANAL CLEANER FOR PERFORMING A COMPLETE CLEANING OF DRAINAGE CANALS

    pg(s) 15-0

    We offer a multi-functional operating element of rotary type for a channel cleaner, which is capable of performing the entire cycle of cleaning household water reservoirs (ponds), in particular:1. due to the compound rotor:1.1. mow and chop the crop;
    2. due to the implementation of detachable body:2.1. mill and transport “dry” soils using a jet of air;2.2. pump water;2.3. extract and transport the soil from under the water;

    3. due to the installation of the teeth on the lower movable part of the body:3.1. work as a clamp grapple to remove garbage from water reservoirs (ponds).

    The basis of multifunctionality of this invention is in the principle of implementation of the maximum number of hidden abilities of the initial technical system, its rotor, framing, manipulator parts, which implies the subsequent creation of a reclamation robot.

  • CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS IN MODERN FOOD STERILIZERS

    pg(s) 15-18

    Sterilization is one of the basic thermal treatment process employed in foodstuff processing. Mainly, it is based on a very intense heating treatment of a product. Continuous pursuit of food manufacturers to reduce the costs of food production with simultaneous increase in its safety and quality makes that sterilizer producers develop technologies that meet the expectations of food sector producers. The essence of these technologies is intensification of heat exchange processes which aim is decrease of processing time and thereby decrease of costs. Technical solutions are focused on four main areas, namely: change of a process physical parameters, choose of an adequate heating medium and insulation material, and finally on relative motion of a batch.