International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This paper explores the application of the PC-Crash software package in the field of traffic accident reconstruction, with a particular focus on the analysis of digital tachograph records. Digital tachographs are modern tools used to automatically record key driving parameters, including speed, driver working hours, and distance traveled. They play a significant role in both traffic monitoring and the reconstruction of traffic accidents. PC-Crash, on the other hand, is one of the leading software solutions for simulating and analyzing traffic accidents, enabling precise reconstruction of events based on input parameters. This paper examines the use of PC-Crash software in the processing and interpretation of digital tachograph data, with the aim of enhancing the accuracy of analyzes and the objectivity of traffic incident reconstructions. The results demonstrate that the combined use of digital tachograph data and PC-Crash software significantly improves the reliability of reconstructions, which is of great importance to the judiciary, law enforcement, and traffic safety professionals.

The use of video surveillance systems (Closed-Circuit Television – CCTV) has become widespread across various modern applications. In the context of forensic documentation submitted for expert analysis, digital video recordings of traffic collisions are increasingly common. These recordings often capture not only the moment of impact but also crucial pre- and post-collision events. Such footage provides valuable data for understanding the dynamics of an incident and conducting detailed kinematic analyses. Accident reconstruction software, such as AnalyzerPro and PC Crash, includes specialized video analysis modules. When certain conditions are met, these modules can be used to extract quantitative information about the position and velocity of involved vehicles or individuals at specific moments in time. This paper provides an overview of the operational principles of these modules, the prerequisites for their effective use, and the precision with which they estimate kinematic parameters, as demonstrated in a case study.

The use of video cameras for automatic traffic management, as well as video surveillance cameras, has made it possible to visually observe traffic accidents, i.e. the manner and movement of the parties involved in the accident at the moment and immediately before it occurred. On the basis of a video of a vehicle passing through a section that can be photogrammetrically rectified and transformed into an orthogonal view, with knowledge of the dimensions of characteristic formations that are usually rectangular in shape, such as pedestrian crossings, etc., and with knowledge of the frequency of the video recordings, it is possible, using appropriate software, to determine the speed of the object under study. In this paper, the reliability of the speeds determined by rectification using the AnalyzerPro software has been compared with the target speeds of the vehicle defined by the speed limiter, measured by a handheld radar and a GPS device installed in the vehicle.

Turn signals are an important device on vehicles, with which we inform other participants about our intention when changing lanes, realigning, turning, overtaking, etc. The use of turn signals increases the safety of all road users. According to research conducted in the USA and Canada, one of the reasons why drivers do not use their turn signals is that they sometimes forget to turn off this device. In this work paper, special emphasis is placed on determining the position of the steering wheel at which the automatic turning off of the turn signal is activated when returning the steering wheel to the original “zero” position, as well as the position of the steering wheel when the automatic turning off of this device is not activated.

The obstacle avoidance maneuver was the subject of many researches. Most of the models for calculation of distance necessary to perform the avoidance maneuver were based on theoretical researches, that took into account a large number of simplifications. In order to analyse the influence of different drivers and vehicles on a maneuver, an experimental research study of lane change was carried out at the test track which enables repeatability in the same conditions. Based on those researches it was established the empirical model for calculation of evasive maneuver distance. This model can be used for traffic accidents reconstruction, but also in the development concept of modern “intelligent” vehicles.

The usage of electric scooters (e-scooters) has experienced a real expansion in the territory of the Republic of Serbia in recent years. These vehicles represent an easy and simple way of transportation in city conditions, especially on shorter distances. The lack of legislative frameworks for this type of vehicle is the main problem in Serbia. That is why e-scooters are used according to the wishes and needs of users, which very often leads to unsafe situations. Research that includes the risky behaviors of e-scooters users is presented within this paper. The research of e-scooter users was conducted in the area of Novi Sad. The speeds of these vehicles at the selected locations were also measured during research.

Pedestrians, in addition to cyclists, represent the most vulnerable road users. Children from an early age participate in tra ffic as pedestrians, so the need to increase their level of safety is understandable. The speed limit in a school and kindergarten zones, by installing different types of calming measures, is one of the measures applied to protect children in traffic. It often happens that despite the speed limit and placement of speed humps on the roads, drivers do not respect the speed of movement and move at a much higher speed than allowed. Within this work, the speed of vehicles in the zones of some schools and kindergartens in the area of Novi Sad was measured. Based on the obtained results, factors that have an impact on the regime of vehicle movement in the investigated areas have been identified.