International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In the development of new composite structural elements based on sedimentary rocks (clays) as inorganic binders and foam composite materials, their physical characteristics are presented for the construction of recipe compositions and the determination of their complex new properties. The role of the components of the compositions, together with organic reinforcing fiber materials such as straw, rice husks and others, basic parameters of the technological regime and other factors for ensuring adequate workability of the prepared composite compositions for obtaining building coatings and elements – bricks and panels for building ecological houses – is considered. The determination of the necessary technological characteristics of the composite mixtures ensures their effectiveness.

The technological characteristics of suspensions used in the development of new thermal insulation composite structural elements based on foam materials and inorganic binders (Portland cement) are investigated. The role of the components of the compositions, the parameters of the technological regime and other factors in ensuring adequate workability of the prepared cementitious solutions is considered. Determination of the necessary technological characteristics of composite mixtures ensures their effective distribution in the formwork moulds when forming the specimens, cost-effective performance at production stage and obtaining products with the planned
functional properties. The existing opportunities for potential application in modern construction of the developed composite elements are analyzed.

The article presents the results of studies on the study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of polymeric materials modified with mechanically activated particles. It is shown that the use of mechanically activated nanosized particles makes it possible to achieve a significant effect of increasing operational characteristics at relatively low degrees of modification of 0.05% wt. – 3% wt. The use of modifiers at such concentrations in polymer matrices makes it possible to preserve the basic technology for the processing of polymeric materials and equipment in the manufacture of composite materials on a polymer matrix.

One of the primary incentives for expanding the production and use of biofuels worldwide is the potential environmental benefit that can be obtained from replacing petroleum fuels with fuels derived from renewable biomass resources. The use of straight vegetable oil in diesel engines is one of the available alternatives, but its use in existing vehicles usually requires modification of engine or fuel system components. The increased viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold flow properties of vegetable oils lead to severe engine deposits, injector coking, and piston ring sticking. The paper presents a literature review on vegetable oils as alternative fuel for diesel engines.