Science. Business. Society.
Vol. 10 (2025), Issue 1

Table of Contents

  • SCIENCE

    • Solution of a generalized system of differential equations of intercoupled energy and mass transfer at short-term phase contact

      pg(s) 3-4

      Modern intensification of materials processing technology leads to an increase in the role of non-stationary interconnected exchange processes compared to stationary unconnected interconnected exchange processes compared to stationary unconnected. This fact is still insufficiently reflected in the field of solving energy and mass transfer problems (EMT) at small Fourier numbers (Fourier numbers ≤0.1) at short-term phase contact (SPC). In this article, a generalized mathematical model of interconnected non-stationary irregular energy and mass transfer mode at short-term contact across a boundary with selective permeability of phases is formalized. In vector-matrix form, a conjugate mixed boundary value problem is solved with excitation in each of the phases of flows of substances absent in the other phase. By analogy with heat exchange and mass exchange, matrices of potential assimilation of phases and a contact matrix are introduced, which allows obtaining a uniform solution for a number of special cases and especially simplified the entry for the vector of interphase flow densities. The mathematical notation of the solutions of the considered parabolic system of partial differential equations of the second order for intensive irreversible processes (Fourier numbers ≤0.1) are written in vector-matrix form and are close to the scalar Higbee theory for mass transfer.

    • Comparison of IMRT techniques for head and neck cancer treatments based on two different mathematical algorithms Anisotropic analytical algorithm and convolution/superposition

      pg(s) 5-8

      Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is considered a crucial treatment for Head and Neck cancers for several key reasons related to the complexity of the tumor locations, the proximity to critical structure (organ at risk), and the need for precise dose delivery – distribution. Head and Neck cancer involve areas with highly heterogeneous tissues, which can present significant challenges for traditional radiation therapy techniques. IMRT addresses these challenges by offering highly conformal and precise radiation delivery that targets the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. In the context of IMRT, the mathematical algorithms, AAA (Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm) and Convolution/Superposition part of Monte Carlo Algorithm, are used in different aspects of treatment planning and dose calculation. Both algorithms are designs to compute the dose distribution in the body from radiation beams used IMRT, but they do so in distinct ways, and each has specific, use cases depending on the treatment and patient anatomy. Both algorithms, in IMRT are ultimately concerned with how radiation interacts with matter, specifically hoe energy deposition occurs in tissue as the radiation passes through them. The AAA and C/S algorithm consider tissues heterogeneity, but they model these interactions differently, which affects how they calculate the dose distribution. In our department of radiotherapy, of Amerikan Hospital Tirana we have installed and use both algorithms, in different treatment planning system which are developed by Varian and Elekta production company.

  • BUSINESS

    • Building eco-friendly houses with construction coatings, bricks and panels based on sedimentary rocks

      pg(s) 9-12

      In the development of new composite structural elements based on sedimentary rocks (clays) as inorganic binders and foam composite materials, their physical characteristics are presented for the construction of recipe compositions and the determination of their complex new properties. The role of the components of the compositions, together with organic reinforcing fiber materials such as straw, rice husks and others, basic parameters of the technological regime and other factors for ensuring adequate workability of the prepared composite compositions for obtaining building coatings and elements – bricks and panels for building ecological houses – is considered. The determination of the necessary technological characteristics of the composite mixtures ensures their effectiveness.

    • Digital entrepreneurship education: Essential topics

      pg(s) 13-16

      The paper presents a methodology focused on digital entrepreneurship education for bachelor students in economic specialties. The conceptual framework is to present on the one hand a useful model for students who plan to create their own business, and on the other – to focus on the collaboration between academic lecturers and business representatives to combine efforts in teaching that provides practical-applied results and stimulates entrepreneurship initiatives. In this regard, the paper aims to give a foundation for future entrepreneurs to apply key instruments for business digitalization. Based on this educational unit, it is possible for the students to implement a specific technic that will increase their digital competitiveness. The application of the listed tasks in the process of business idea development can be beneficial for students to create start-ups that overcome threats from the external environment and the continuous confrontation with new crisis situations.

    • Improving Ecological end Economical Results of Marine Transport by Using Different Additives on Fuel

      pg(s) 17-19

      The usage of alternative fuels that reduce the emission of harmful components, but do not eliminate their presence (especially nitrogen oxides) will be analyzed in the article. researchers prove that operation process of diesel on standard fuel is characterized by the formation of nitrogen oxides during the combustion of a heterogeneous mixture of diesel fuel and air in those local zones, in which the composition of the mixture is close to the stoichiometric mixture. According to this, an actual problem today is to develop the method of perfect combustion process for diesels, when during the diesel operation the local values of air excess coefficient αi and temperature Ti will not be in the range in which nitrogen oxides and soot are formed. So, converting a diesel engine into gaseous fuel ensures a reduction of toxicity and smokiness in exhaust gases and from this point of view, the values of the air excess coefficient will be considered in accordance with the mode of diesel operation and possibility of using various types of impurities to improve fuel properties and, as a result of their consumption, to improve both, ecological and efficient indicators.

    • Factors Affecting the Hotel Revenue Management System

      pg(s) 20-22

      The article reviews and evaluates the factors affecting the revenue management system in hotel facilities. Based on the statistical data of the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2005-2023, it is determined here that at the current stage of the digital economy in the globalized world economic system, the service sector is one of the fastest growing sectors compared to other sectors of the economy and responds faster to the socio-economic processes taking place globally. The article reviewed the one-time capacity, room stock, revenue from the sale of rooms and total revenue of hotel facilities of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2006-2023, and calculated the RevPaR indicator, which expresses the efficiency of their services, for these years. The study also conducted a correlation and regression analysis between the RevPAR indicator and revenue from the sale of rooms of hotel facilities in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and determined the extent to which an increase in revenue from the sale of rooms increases the RevPAR indicator of hotel facilities.

  • SOCIETY