This article presents the design of a working body for removing the damaged soil layer inside a crater, which allows for field studies of the process of removing the damaged soil layer from inside a crater formed as a result of explosions. A methodology has been developed for conducting experimental studies of the working body for removing the damaged soil layer from inside a crater.
The article studies and analyzes the impact of military operations on the soil cover, in particular, damage and destruction of the fertile soil layer as a result of detonation of various explosive objects (missiles, bombs, artillery shells, etc.) and its contamination with heavy metals and other harmful substances. A method is proposed for the technical reclamation of damaged land as a result of bombing. It involves first cleaning the craters from damaged and contaminated soil with heavy metals and other hazardous substances. It is proposed to use a new working body for this purpose. If a dangerous concentration of heavy metals and other hazardous substances is found on the surface of the crater, the removed contaminated soil layer must be disposed of. If the removed layer of the sinkhole surface contains an acceptable concentration of contaminants, the removed layer can be left at the bottom of the funnel. A flexible screw conveyor with a sectional auger working body can be used to dispose of the removed contaminated soil layer. To restore the relief, it is necessary to backfill the craters, i.e. level the surface. After that, the land can be disked and cultivated, and plowed if necessary.
Field laboratory tests of the seeder under development with the intellectual control unit for the technological process of sowing non-loose grass seeds, consisting of a frame, seed box with sowing devices, attachment, sowing section, running gear and sowing device drive, were carried out on the territory of the University’s research and production campus, which was divided into plots 37 * 3,6 m in size.
The following parameters were adopted for the breadboard model of the seeder: speed of movement 7 km / h; seed placement depths of 2 and 4 cm. Aisle spacing of 30 cm was taken. The maximum and minimum seeding rate for the selected crop was defined.
An analysis of laboratory tests of the seeder showed that the sowing ability of the seeder is 8-30 kg / ha, while the unevenness of the sowing was 4,60% when sowing grain and 4,80% when sowing the awnless bun. The instability of the total sowing is 2,90% when sowing wheat grass and 2,7% when sowing the awnless bun.
The field germination of “Burabay” wheatgrass seeds in experimental plots amounted to 90%, and on the plot sown with awnless bun “Akmolinsky Emerald”, the germination rate was 89%; the uniformity of the seeding depth of the seeds of the prototype seeder is 6,28% in the sowing of wheatgrass, and the sowing of the awnless bun is 5,78%; the number of seeds embedded in the layer of average actual depth and two adjacent layers on the sowing of wheatgrass was 91% and on the sowing of awnless bun is 90%, which corresponds to agro technical requirements; when testing a prototype planter of the seeder, the distribution of seeds over the feeding area was 62% for the sowing of grain and 64% for sowing of the awnless bun.
An analysis of the results of laboratory field tests of the seeder showed that, according to the quality indicators of the technological process, the developed seeder meets the agro technical requirements for grass sowing and is not inferior to foreign seeders and it is necessary to conduct its extended field tests.
A number of agricultural, land reclamation and road construction machinery bearings (wheels, rollers, skis, etc.) are located behind the working bodies and move across the surface generated by their working bodies during the execution of processes. These machines and mechanisms relating to machines and mechanisms with delayed feedback.
We were first investigated by transient planar and spatial models of machines and mechanisms with delayed feedback, a feedback coefficient is greater than one, when exposed to a single step of the relief support surface. When the model coefficient k>1 (this machines and tools to the schemes similar to the bulldozer) transition process from a single push – h0 has the form of a circle with radius r.
Beet tops harvesting is a complex task of the sugar beet growing industry which forms the qualitative indicators of root crops during their further digging out from the soil and determines the loss of tops and sugar-bearing mass. In the development of theoretical foundations of the optimal tops cutting from heads of sugar beet root by different types of topping working bodies should take into account forces which act at the same time and the rational cutting height. Theoretical researches having been carried out hitherto concerned only the detailed analytical description of the functioning of the new designs of topping working bodies and practically did not concern the general provisions of the separation tops from the head of root crop. The aim of this study is the theoretical determination of the forces that occur at the contact point of cutting working body of topper machines with root crops head of sugar beet root crop. When carrying out theoretical studies are used the methods of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, strength of materials, methods of programming and numerical calculations on PC. As a result, of the theoretical research new analytical dependencies of force describing the processes of crumpling and subsequently cutting of sugar beet heads by topping working body, depending on the size and shape of root crops heads and design parameters of topper have been obtained. As a result, of numerical calculations on PC critical level value of penetration of the cutting element of topping working body into root crops head of sugar beet and maximum value of cutting force at which ejection of root vegetables from the soil doesn’t take place, was defined. The obtained theoretical dependencies and values of normal reaction and cutting forces are the basis for the further working out of a mathematical model of dynamic interaction system of cutting working bodies with the heads of sugar beet.