International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Considerable research has been conducted on measuring maximum tongue pressure, which is an index of tongue muscle strength that includes the relationship between tongue strength and swallowing function. Tongue pressure is the force with which the tongue presses a bolus of food against the palate and sends it into the pharynx. A low tongue pressure makes the aspiration of food more likely. In this study, we investigated the age-dependence of human swallowing function, as well as the swallowing function of female high school students in different courses, one in physical education and one in health and nursing.

We report the results of measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations 140 times a day in habitable spaces using Sigfox along with temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure measurements. We design and fabricate a printed circuit board to integrate the sensor with an Arduino processor. Using the developed sensor, we estimate that if one adult male performs light work for 1 h in a typical living room [3.17 m (width 3.17 m) × 7.4 m (length 7.4 m) × 2.6 m (height 2.6 m) = volume 61.4 m3], the carbon dioxide CO2 concentration will increase by approximately 200 ppm. In the future, the developed sensor could be used for detailed human behavior studies in the context of CO2 concentrations.