Industry 4.0
Vol. 8 (2023), Issue 6

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Application of open ai and cognitive digital twins in Industry 5.0

      pg(s) 298-301

      Industry 5.0 is the production model based on the concept of how people and machines can work together. Modern industry is focusing on collaboration between people, robots, and intelligent machines with the help of AI. The design and implementation of solutions, based on Industry 5.0 brings a new level with the latest achievements in Artificial Intelligence and especially the Generative AI, realized on top of the Open AI.
      This paper focuses on implementing modern automation with the help of Open AI as a new concept to use AI as a SaaS, integrated with smart machines and robots, helping them to work in a human-like way. The research overviews the use cases and proposes a framework to build a smart solution based on Generative AI and cognitive robots, where integration between SaaS AI and smart machines is based on Cognitive Digital Twins. Research results also include prototypes of cognitive digital twins and its integration with intelligent machines.

    • Fabrication of a sensor-based connected device for IoT applications

      pg(s) 302-305

      We report the results of measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations 140 times a day in habitable spaces using Sigfox along with temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure measurements. We design and fabricate a printed circuit board to integrate the sensor with an Arduino processor. Using the developed sensor, we estimate that if one adult male performs light work for 1 h in a typical living room [3.17 m (width 3.17 m) × 7.4 m (length 7.4 m) × 2.6 m (height 2.6 m) = volume 61.4 m3], the carbon dioxide CO2 concentration will increase by approximately 200 ppm. In the future, the developed sensor could be used for detailed human behavior studies in the context of CO2 concentrations.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Application and effectiveness of SMFC-based biosensors for real-time monitoring of water pollution with chromium, zink and nickel

      pg(s) 306-308

      Heavy metal pollution from various industries has received much attention worldwide due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. Traditional water quality monitoring relies on sampling, preservation, transportation and subsequent laboratory analysis. All these procedures require considerable time and make it impossible to timely detect heavy metal contamination. To overcome the drawback, SMFC-based biosensors can be used for monitoring water pollution with heavy metals. The electrochemical characteristics of SMFCs are sensitive to heavy metal ions, therefore, when heavy metals enter them, the cell voltage immediately rises in proportion to their concentration. The change in voltage can be used to find the presence of heavy metals in the water and their concentration. In the present study, the possibilities for monitoring water contaminated with copper, zinc, nickel and chromium by means of SMFC-based biosensors were investigated. The constructed biosensors showed high sensitivity to the ions of the four investigated metals.

    • Industry 4.0 and Multi-tasking machining

      pg(s) 309-312

      A clear trend of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing is to promote the increased use of multi-tasking machine tools. These machines are easily integrated into digital production systems and enable real-time data acquisition, remote monitoring and adaptive cutting processing. The integration of multi-tasking machine tools and digital manufacturing systems will improve the implementation of predictive maintenance, process optimization and production efficiency. Moreover, the development of robotics and AI along with the adoption of Industry 4.0 will increase the market share of these machine tools. The market demand is expected to increase further due to the rise of Industry 4.0. The paper analyzes the main advantages of multi-tasking machining, focusing on the advanced features of multi-tasking machine tools, as well as the latest trend of integrating additive manufacturing processes with CNC machining.

    • Simulation of light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber

      pg(s) 313-316

      A group of numerical methods suitable for describing the propagation of light in a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) are discussed. PCFs can be classified according to the mechanism of light propagation. The methodology of the analysis is briefly reviewed to understand how changing the different physical parameters of the fiber and the design affects its optical properties. By analyzing the systematic studies presented, a design with the desired optical fiber properties can be realized.
      PCFs can be made from just one material with two-dimensional photonic crystals or periodic arrays of air holes parallel to the fiber axis to form a shell and core shape. Several types of PCFs have been considered. The mechanism for trapping light in the fiber core is explained. The use of the wave methods for electromagnetic field analysis is discussed. The application of variation principles and weighted residual methods is shown. The advantages of the finite element method (FEM) are indicated. The vector FEM for obtaining the modes in photonic crystal fibers is considered.

    • Nano-structured Electrode Materials with Reduced Amount of Platinum Aimed for Hydrogen Evolution. Part I: Effect of cobalt

      pg(s) 317-320

      The subject of this study is electrochemical and structural characterization of nano-dimenzioned composite electrode materials for hydrogen evolution consisted of Co, Pt or CoPt metallic phase and TiO2, both grafted on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a support material. The main idea was to replace platinum entirely or to some extent as an electrode material. The electrode materials with different The common composition of the studied electrode materials was 10%Me + 18%TiO2 + MWCNTs, where Me = Pt, CoPt (1:1, wt.), CoPt (4:1, wt.) and Pt. The structural and surface changes, as well as their influence on electrocatalytic activity were analyzed by means of XRD, TEM, SEM and FTIR. It was found that Co considerably reduces Pt particle size, from 11 nm (in pure Pt metallic system) to 3–4 nm (in mixed CoPt systems). This is a reason for better activity of the electrode material with CoPt (1:1) metallic phase than that with pure Pt, while the CoPt (4:1) with very low quantity of Pt approaches the acitivity of the electrode material with pure Pt.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Field Service Management (FSM) Simulation Model

      pg(s) 321-325

      This work is dedicated to the development of a simulation model of a Field Service Management (FSM) system. Its tasks include modelling the management of the activities of employees of a field service company: maintaining requests, dispatching orders and field workers, monitoring the quality of work performed. The goals of developing a model of a FSM are to increase the speed of customer service, ensure the process of quality control of work performed, reduce transport and time costs, and provide field workers with the necessary information to understand the scope and location of work. All this leads to improved quality of technical support and service and, as a result, customer satisfaction.

    • Energy optimization of the building through the use of thermal insulation, solar panels, and efficient boiler

      pg(s) 326-329

      This study presents an evaluation of the application of thermal insulation, solar panels, and an efficient boiler in a kinder garden to improve energy efficiency. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the benefits of using these technologies in reducing energy losses, increasing clean energy production, and achieving economic benefits. Thermal insulation is used to limit the transfer of heat between the building and the external environment, reducing energy losses for heating and cooling. In our case we have a saving of 7148 kWhr/year. The installation of the solar panel plant for heating sanitary water has brought an annual economic benefit of 102,583 ALL per year, meanwhile the choice of a gas boiler for heating the premises has been more cost effective compared to the use of oil.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”