Security & Future
Vol. 9 (2025), Issue 3

Table of Contents

  • THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SECURITY

    • Children’s Homes and Crisis Preparedness for Natural Hazards: Theoretical Foundations of Security as a Framework for Institutional Safety

      pg(s) 57-60

      The paper examines the theoretical foundations of security and their application to the specific institutional environment of children’s homes. Security is conceptualized as a fundamental human and social need, as well as an integral component of national interest and the democratic functioning of the state. The text analyzes the relationship between security theory and the practical requirements of crisis planning in children’s homes, with particular regard to natural hazards such as floods, windstorms, and pandemics. The contribution highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation and the importance of crisis preparedness plans in strengthening the resilience and readiness of children’s homes. Based on the proposed theoretical framework, recommendations are formulated for the development of security policies and innovative approaches to the protection of children as a particularly vulnerable group within society.

    • The phenomenon of sharenting – between caring and violating children’s privacy – based on a survey of polish parents

      pg(s) 61-63

      The aim of the study was to learn about parents’ attitudes and behaviours towards cybersecurity related to posting images of their children online, known as sharenting. The study focused on the opinions, habits and awareness of parents living in Poland who have at least one child under the age of 18. The study was based on quantitative research conducted among Polish parents. A quantitative diagnostic survey method was used, employing a standardised questionnaire. The survey was made available online via Google Forms. A random sample was used to ensure the representativeness of the results. The starting point of the study is a synthetic description of attitudes towards sharenting and the role of the modern family, with particular emphasis on intimate relationships, in the context of the literature and available data. It is advisable to take action as part of social campaigns to raise public awareness of cyber security threats and the rights of children regarding the publication of their image.

  • NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

    • Invisible Diplomats: Intelligence Agencies in International Law and Foreign Policy

      pg(s) 64-65

      Intelligence agencies have evolved from covert security instruments into strategic diplomatic actors that influence negotiations, alliances, and international legal processes. This paper explores the role of intelligence in foreign relations, examines its interaction with international law, and analyzes the legal and ethical dilemmas posed by covert diplomacy. Through selected case studies—including Mossad’s backchannel operations prior to the Abraham Accords and the CIA’s Cold War contributions—the study highlights how intelligence can stabilize crises while simultaneously challenging norms of sovereignty and non-intervention. The paper proposes a conceptual model for understanding intelligence as a diplomatic tool within contemporary global governance.

    • Application of modern training technologies to improve safety in nuclear power plants

      pg(s) 66-68

      Simulation-based training has seen an increased use of extended reality, that is, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) displays. The health professions have been using VR for simulation-based training more extensively than others. This method can offer the possibility of immediate feedback, which promotes more accurate training to self-correct mistakes in environments that are otherwise risky or provide unsafe conditions. The nuclear industry has attempted to seize the same digital and educational transformation to train their personnel to handle dangerous scenarios.

    • Possible risks in implementing key partnerships to optimize critical infrastructure security

      pg(s) 69-71

      In international scientific circles, with a portfolio in the field of critical infrastructure security, there is consent that the main problem underlying the difficulty in securing critical infrastructure against various types of threats is the lack of a common understanding of what constitutes critical infrastructure. This challenge could hinder coordinated threat assessment, mutual assistance, and the implementation of key partnerships in prevention and response efforts, as intruders often define critical infrastructure based on its potential to cause maximum disruption.
      This publication presents in a systematized form some directions in the author’s experience in developing approaches in building key partnerships for optimizing the security of critical infrastructure in the conditions of the QUASAR competence center.

    • Written Heritage as a Strategic Resource for National Security

      pg(s) 72-75

      Written heritage constitutes a key component of national identity, historical continuity, and cultural memory, while also performing a strategic function for national security. It encompasses archives, manuscripts, legislative acts, treaties, and digital databases that attest to state legitimacy, institutional continuity, and collective identity. The loss or manipulation of these documents can lead to disinformation, erosion of cultural memory, and compromise of the legal and political legitimacy of the state.
      The report considers written heritage as a multifaceted resource with historical, cultural, legal, and innovative value, which strengthens national identity and supports research and educational initiatives. Its protection requires an integrated approach, including physical safeguarding, digital security, legal regulation, institutional coordination, and educational programs.
      Vulnerabilities such as natural disasters, cyberattacks, and selective access necessitate the implementation of modern technologies, international standards, and active public engagement. Written heritage should be regarded as a strategic national asset, requiring systematic protection and management to ensure the state’s resilience, sovereignty, and global competitiveness.
      The report is under project No. KП-06-H90/6 dated 10.12.2024 on the topic: “Ecologically sustainable conservation strategy for written heritage” from the Scientific Research Fund, Competition for funding of fundamental scientific research – 2024. Supervised by Chief Asst. PhD Eng. Iskra Tsvetanska.

    • Geopolitical Implications for Poland’s Security – The Problem of Kaliningrad Oblast

      pg(s) 76-79

      The article examines how the specific geographical location of the Kaliningrad Oblast influences Poland’s security. The Russian exclave, situated between Poland and Lithuania and separated by land from the rest of the Russian Federation, is simultaneously one of the most militarised regions in Europe and a logistically vulnerable area exposed to potential blockade by NATO and EU member states.
      Drawing on qualitative analysis of strategic documents, expert reports and specialist media from 2022-2025, the study identifies the main military, missile-nuclear, hybrid and economic dimensions of the threats arising from the presence of Russian forces in Kaliningrad.
      Particular attention is paid to the Suwałki Gap as a key vulnerability on NATO’s north-eastern flank and to the role of the exclave in Russia’s strategy in the Baltic Sea region. The article argues that, despite Russia’s temporary reduction of forces in Kaliningrad due to the war in Ukraine, the medium-term risk of remilitarisation and further missile deployments remains high. For Poland this implies the need to sustain elevated defence expenditure, strengthen air and missile defence and long-range fires, deepen cooperation with Baltic and Nordic allies, and develop civil resilience, especially in regions bordering the Kaliningrad Oblast

  • TECHNICAL FACILITIES FOR ENSURING SECURITY

    • AI-Enhanced Decision Support Architectures for Multi-Domain Unmanned Systems in Defence Operations

      pg(s) 80-83

      The report analyses AI-enhanced decision support architectures for multi-domain unmanned systems in defence operations. It examines how data from aerial, ground, surface and underwater platforms can be fused and processed through AI models to improve situational awareness and decision-making. The study outlines a layered architectural framework, highlights practical examples from recent conflicts and identifies key challenges related to data reliability, system resilience and human-machine interaction. The findings emphasise the need for robust, transparent and human-centred AI integration.