International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

There are numerous methodological approaches for modelling, numerical analysis and/or simulation of the behaviour of individual systems. However, modelling the interdependencies between task-oriented or dedicated systems (the so-called system of systems) and describing their complex behaviour, necessarily through simulation, is still an unsolved issue.

Critical infrastructure can be exposed to disruptive events and incidents caused by external or internal impacts. Some of these events are internally system-manageable, but others must be addressed through the additional application of appropriate security measures, which can be implemented through security systems.
The development of critical infrastructure security systems requires a careful definition of overall requirements, which in general is directly related to ensuring business continuity by determining the resilience of critical infrastructure elements. This publication presents in a systematized form the author’s experience in applying resilience assessment results as inputs to the development of CI security systems.

The role of management at a nuclear facility is to perform functions such as planning, organizing, staffing, leading and directing work, controlling, monitoring and assessing work and evaluating results. Management systems are methods, processes and tools used by the managers of a nuclear facility to create a framework to carry out work in a safe and secure manner while ensuring that the objectives of the facility operator are achieved within the legal and regulatory framework of the country.

The behavior of citizens in disaster situation is the basis of its mastery. Due to their sudden nature, large scale and detrimental potential, critical situations require quick actions, the adequacy and correct orientation of which have a key role in the protection and preservation of human life. At that moment, the main factors that form adequate behavior are: the risk perception, including the knowledge and the understanding of the disaster; the information that is provided by the authorized bodies for the specific case and its adequacy and the personal characteristics of the people in the disaster threat. The most significant impact on all these factors has the acquired knowledge and practical skills in the field of safety and disaster protection, provided in advance and referred to the so-called “pre-impact” or preparation phase. This knowledge is focused on the nature of the disaster, the way it could affect people, the correct behavior of each person, during and after it, the evacuation routes and available shelters, first aid techniques, etc. It is directed to citizens and gives the basic information needed for successful crisis management, and not only qualitatively improves the organization of the population, reduces chaos and confusion and ensures adequate collective response and discipline, but gives opportunity for volunteering in providing additional support to the medical teams in their efforts to help people in need.

Analysed the influence of the threat of an aircraft collision with birds as the most important factor in flight safety (bird strike problem). An analytical review of aviation accidents with birds for the period 2010-2022 was carried out. The problem of ensuring ornithological flight safety considered as decision-making under conditions of uncertainty problem. Existing approaches to assessing the level of ornithological danger in aviation and decision-making are discussed. A scenario approach to reducing the risk of bird strike danger as a task of decisions making in conditions of uncertainty is proposed

The construction of the system for the protection of whistleblowers is in accordance with the legal framework of the Republic of
Bulgaria and the EU Directive.
The report defines a multi-layered model of the protection system, including:
– Information on violations;
– Persons who granted protection:
– Obliged entities, including:
– Employers in the public and private sector;
– Institutions, bodies, services and agencies of the EU;
– European Commission.
Signaling channels, duties and functional interactions between the main elements of the model are structured. A mechanism for
synchronizing and controlling signal processing activities s presented. The model is a theoretical basis for the construction and functioning
of the whistleblower protection system.

Developing a coordinated and effective response to critical infrastructure (CI) threats, current and anticipated, requires achieving a higher overall level of resilience and protection. The growing interdependence between physical and digital infrastructure creates opportunities for malicious cyberspace actions targeting critical areas to disrupt functionality or damage physical infrastructure. In this regard, through the application of specific approaches to strengthen the resilience of CIs, it is possible to improve the capabilities to counter physical and hybrid threats.
Presenting an option for an effective response agai nst CI threats through the development of security systems is the content of this publication.

The identification and protection of critical infrastructure (CI), which provides essential services for the national and European markets, especially in key sectors of the economy, requires priority measures to be taken to increase its resilience. The concept of resilience is closely related to the ability of a CI to prevent, defend against, respond to, withstand, mitigate and absorb, adapt to, or recover from risk events. Here, both the organizational measures and the technical part of the security systems, developed according to the specifics of CI, play an essential role.
In this regard, this publication presents the framework of the author’s view on the relationship between organizational resilience and CI security.

Standard operating procedures describe the precise steps required to carry out the organization’s security tasks in the operation of security systems and are important both for maintaining the level of competence of personnel performing a particular security job and for training new employees. Reducing errors in security-related activities and mission-critical processes is at the core of these procedures. Also, providing information on identified gaps, together with a survey of emerging technologies, is expected to help critical infrastructure operators seek future capabilities to create security and optimize the content of standard operating procedures.
Precisely, the presentation of a variant of standard operating procedures for the functioning of security systems is the basis of this paper.

Research and innovation is the part of an organization’s business that shapes the ability of its management and staff to acquire knowledge, design, develop and improve products, services, technologies and processes. Realizing key partnerships in collaborative research and innovation are critical to long-term success for high-tech organizations, while at the same time key to improving business skills, expanding product and service portfolios, and delivering cutting-edge applied research in interest of the country’s security. Presenting some of the benefits of building key partnerships between organizations in the development of security systems is the content of
this publication.

The problem is the lack of social consensus in Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereinafter B&H), as a plural society (hereinafter PS), which is why it is directed with its segments to the only sustainable joint activity of the segments – the market, and related economic activities. The subject are the characteristics of alternative development solutions – Green Agenda (hereinafter GA), green and circular economy (hereinafter GE, CE) and green consumerism (hereinafter GC), which are in the function of PS. We accept the hypothesis that the unsolved pre-political (cultural) issues of B&H even in the 21st century condition the application of alternative development solutions – GA, GE, CE and GC, which are in the function of PS and its energy security (hereinafter ES). The scientific goals are: 1) description of the peculiarities of PS in B&H, 2) understanding the importance of GA for the Western Balkans and the differences between the linear economic model and GE and CE, and between shallow and deep GC, and 3) explanation of functionality of GA, GE, CE and GC for PS and its ES..Analytical-deductive and comparative methods are used, along with the case study of B&H. The main result is the discovery of the functionality of GA, GE, CE and GC for the functionality of PS in B&H and its ES.

Business models (BMs) are business plans used by an organization to create, deliver, and acquire value. There is a strong need in different areas of business to develop a better understanding of BM’s risks. The appropriate risk framework would support the full range of risk management capabilities, namely identifying key risks, quantifying and, finally, managing those risks.
Therefore, in developing the organization’s BM, it is necessary to create a better understanding of the risks associated with the development of security systems. The proposal for a variant of the BM risk profile framework for the establishment of security systems is the content of this publication.