International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

In international scientific circles, with a portfolio in the field of critical infrastructure security, there is consent that the main problem underlying the difficulty in securing critical infrastructure against various types of threats is the lack of a common understanding of what constitutes critical infrastructure. This challenge could hinder coordinated threat assessment, mutual assistance, and the implementation of key partnerships in prevention and response efforts, as intruders often define critical infrastructure based on its potential to cause maximum disruption.
This publication presents in a systematized form some directions in the author’s experience in developing approaches in building key partnerships for optimizing the security of critical infrastructure in the conditions of the QUASAR competence center.

Technology is becoming increasingly important in the maritime sector and is crucial for its future security. Research and development in this area must respond to identified risks and threats to maritime security and be linked to adopted national and international strategies.
Also, focusing scientific activity on prevention by improving capacities in areas such as maritime surveillance and the development of early warning systems will allow for more effective action. This also applies to improving the security and resilience of critical maritime infrastructure such as ports, maritime infrastructure and economic activities dependent on the coastline, as well as energy supply and telecommunications lines laid on the surface of the seabed.
But in order to properly organize scientific activity for the development of technologies and means for the security of maritime critical infrastructure, it is necessary to develop a business model for scientific research and applied scientific developments. It is precisely the presentation of the framework of such a model that is the subject of this paper

Critical infrastructure can be exposed to disruptive events and incidents caused by external or internal impacts. Some of these events are internally system-manageable, but others must be addressed through the additional application of appropriate security measures, which can be implemented through security systems.
The development of critical infrastructure security systems requires a careful definition of overall requirements, which in general is directly related to ensuring business continuity by determining the resilience of critical infrastructure elements. This publication presents in a systematized form the author’s experience in applying resilience assessment results as inputs to the development of CI security systems.

Achieving a comprehensive approach to the issue of resilience of entities that are critical to the proper functioning of the national economy requires the creation of a comprehensive framework addressing the resilience of critical entities to all hazards, whether natural or anthropogenic, accidental or intentional. For this purpose, good practice implies the use of European and international standards and technical specifications that are relevant for both security measures and resilience measures applicable to critical infrastructure.
Precisely, the presentation of updated information on a possible approach that requires innovation in the field of security and protection of critical infrastructure is the content of this publication.

Developing a coordinated and effective response to critical infrastructure (CI) threats, current and anticipated, requires achieving a higher overall level of resilience and protection. The growing interdependence between physical and digital infrastructure creates opportunities for malicious cyberspace actions targeting critical areas to disrupt functionality or damage physical infrastructure. In this regard, through the application of specific approaches to strengthen the resilience of CIs, it is possible to improve the capabilities to counter physical and hybrid threats.
Presenting an option for an effective response agai nst CI threats through the development of security systems is the content of this publication.

The identification and protection of critical infrastructure (CI), which provides essential services for the national and European markets, especially in key sectors of the economy, requires priority measures to be taken to increase its resilience. The concept of resilience is closely related to the ability of a CI to prevent, defend against, respond to, withstand, mitigate and absorb, adapt to, or recover from risk events. Here, both the organizational measures and the technical part of the security systems, developed according to the specifics of CI, play an essential role.
In this regard, this publication presents the framework of the author’s view on the relationship between organizational resilience and CI security.

Standard operating procedures describe the precise steps required to carry out the organization’s security tasks in the operation of security systems and are important both for maintaining the level of competence of personnel performing a particular security job and for training new employees. Reducing errors in security-related activities and mission-critical processes is at the core of these procedures. Also, providing information on identified gaps, together with a survey of emerging technologies, is expected to help critical infrastructure operators seek future capabilities to create security and optimize the content of standard operating procedures.
Precisely, the presentation of a variant of standard operating procedures for the functioning of security systems is the basis of this paper.

Research and innovation is the part of an organization’s business that shapes the ability of its management and staff to acquire knowledge, design, develop and improve products, services, technologies and processes. Realizing key partnerships in collaborative research and innovation are critical to long-term success for high-tech organizations, while at the same time key to improving business skills, expanding product and service portfolios, and delivering cutting-edge applied research in interest of the country’s security. Presenting some of the benefits of building key partnerships between organizations in the development of security systems is the content of
this publication.

Business models (BMs) are business plans used by an organization to create, deliver, and acquire value. There is a strong need in different areas of business to develop a better understanding of BM’s risks. The appropriate risk framework would support the full range of risk management capabilities, namely identifying key risks, quantifying and, finally, managing those risks.
Therefore, in developing the organization’s BM, it is necessary to create a better understanding of the risks associated with the development of security systems. The proposal for a variant of the BM risk profile framework for the establishment of security systems is the content of this publication.

The growing importance of business models (BM) is primarily due to significant changes in competitive conditions for business over the past two decades. The creation of BM in the development of security systems is a structured approach that is consistent with the characteristics of security objects.
At the same time, in the international aspect, in the field of intelligent security systems, the practice of systematic application of different levels of the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) scale is required, which allows security systems technology to develop from concept to research, development and implementation. Iterations between different levels of TRL are possible, especially during the development phase.
Namely the study of the flexible application of BM in the development of security systems and their connection with the TRL i s the purpose of
this paper.

Joint scientific and applied research occupies its place as a major innovation process in the activities of scientific, educational and business organizations. The purpose of this approach is to gain access to external sources of technology (or other assets) and their integration into products and services to build security of critical infrastructure and strategic sites of national importance.
Partnerships in the development of security systems can bring added value to partner organizations, allowing them to use a wider network of promising assets and markets and helping them gain trust and prestige in society.
The presentation of a variant of structuring key partnerships in the development of security systems is the content of this p aper.

Joint research takes its place as a major innovation process. The aim is to build relationships through which to gain access to external sources of high technology (or other assets) and their integration into the products and services of business organizations.
The establishment and operation of Competence Centers in our country, such as QUASAR, plays a leading role in planning, structuring and negotiating these relationships with universities, small high-tech companies, mid-market companies and large companies. The proper development of the business models of the Centers of Competence plays an essential role in this direction
The purpose of this study is to present the impact of business models on two dimensions of joint research: cooperation as an alternative to successful relationships and business models as an effective tool for assessing the portfolio of opportunities and risk allocation.