International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This study focused on the fire-retardant treatment of wood and wood-based composites using various methods. The recent developments in the fire-retardant standards and classification of wood and wood-based composites were reviewed. Most commonly used fire-retardants and commercial application methods of fire retardants such as boron compounds and phosphates to improve fire resistance of wood and wood based composites were explained. Furthermore, fire-retardant mechanism was informed. Novel nanomaterials used in the fire resistance of wood and wood-based composites were introduced. Significant criteria in choosing of the suitable fire retardants for wood and wood-based composites were explained

This paper, concentrates on a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) model for coal combustion and electrode radiation inside an electric-arc furnace (EAF). Simulation of the complete EAF model includes combustion reactions of coal particles and radiation from electrodes. Particle surface and gas phase reactions were used to predict injected coal particle combustion. The CFD model provided detail information for the coal particles combustion and radiation interactions phoneme inside the electric-arc furnace.

Results showed that CFD simulation could efficiently be used to develop and investigate EAF in design phase.

The results from combustion testing of air heater AH – 800 with vineyard pruning, tobacco powder briquettes, poplar logs and branches from apple trees pruning, with a certain moisture content and fractional composition are presented. The influence of excess air – α on the efficiency of the combustion process – q of the heater and its environmental indicators: the content of CO₂, O₂, CO and NO in flue gas is investigated.