International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

A review and analysis of methods for the detection and recognition of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been carried out. UAV detection channels were considered – acoustic, optical, radar, infrared, radio reconnaissance channel. The advantages and disadvantages of the channels used are compared and evaluated. In the case of small UAVs, there are a number of significant difficulties and limitations. One of the directions in UAV detection is acoustic observations. The noise created by the UAV’s power plant and propeller is an important unmasking feature. The creation and improvement of methods for the detection, direction-finding and recognition of small UAVs by receiving and processing their sound signals is an urgent task. In the implementation of this method of detection of UAVs are used frequency spectra, spectrograms, normalized autocorrelation functions and phase portraits of acoustic signals. Information features of the UAV sound image can be estimates of spectral coefficients determined from a discrete implementation containing a given number of samples, as well as parameters of autoregressive models.

The creation of a safe system is crucial to a more stable urban environment and the improvement of society’s well-being. The primary components for successfully reducing the number of traffic accidents and road traumatism in general are the capacity of state institutions and the management of processes that involve road safety. Despite the massive amount of funds invested in designing safe roads, as well as restrictive elements along the road infrastructure and especially control, the share of drivers who view speeding as natural is growing. The purpose of the paper is to identify the invisible factors that push drivers to drive with excessive speed within urbanized environments. Emphasis is put on the significance of the personality characteristics, competence and behavior of drivers. The inferences from this study can help determine the direction of development for road safety in Bulgaria.

The problem of civil aviation safety is largely determined by the “human factor”. Transport security is a multidimensional concept that includes various security factors that are provided by aviation personnel in the relevant areas of professional activity. A particularly important factor should be considered the activities of personnel in the field of airport security. An acceptable level of airport aviation security can be achieved if the level of professional activity of the security personnel meets the established requirements. The system of requirements is implemented in a set of algorithms and procedures for personnel activities, the implementation of which is mandatory in
strict accordance with the requirements. However, the physical nature of the human component, under the strictest control, does not guarantee absolute compliance with the requirements, i.e. the professional activity of aviation personnel is not guaranteed against accidental or unintentional errors. These errors are a source of negative impact of personnel on the airport’s aviation security. In this case, it is necessary to have the means to minimize the negative impact. The paper considers some software and technical means of minimization

This report concludes a series of articles by the authors devoted to the human factor and published in scientific journals «Industry-4.0» in 2017, 2018. The problem of the human factor is shown from a new point of view in the article, namely: the human factor is not only the limited possibilities of professional activity, due to human physiology, it is, above all, the limited possibilities of technology that does not take into account the characteristics of a person in the human-machine system. There are considered various aspects of this problem.

Nowadays, the dynamics of technologies development, as well as continuously growing customers‟ requirements, put industrial enterprises from around the world before the necessity of rethinking old strategies and building new dynamic business models, in order to successfully continue operating in today‟s conditions of a highly competent market environment. The digitalization takes a key position in this new scenario, where modern industrial enterprises should fit. Digital technologies, as well as the opportunities they create, are the main moving power, which enterprises should stake upon, to successfully raise their own efficiency. One of the biggest threats caused by the digital transformation of operations is for the people to be replaced by the machines. The present paper offers a conceptual framework of a methodology for investigating the role of human factor in a digital manufacturing environment.

The article contains considerations regarding in the area of the so-called human factor as a potential source of hazards and proliferation of threats. The issues of conceptual and definition matter as well as selected types of threats were analysed – including attacks of type inside-job and generated by social engineering methods.