International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The results of studies of the behavior of rocks with fluids under impulse pressure, which is induced by an electric discharge in solutions of surface-active substances (surfactants), are given. The mechanism of influence of high-voltage electric discharges and mechanical waves induced by them on the behavior of combined objects (porous rocks, hydrocarbon fluids filling their pores – oil and hydrogen surfactant solution, solid mineral sediment) is revealed.
It was found out that the use of a water-oil emulsion as a working medium for high-voltage electric discharge significantly (2 times for sandstones and 1.5 times for carbonates) increases the efficiency of the electric discharge effect compared to water.
The complex action of the electric discharge and the aqueous 0.3% solution of NMK-21, used as a working medium, leads to a synergistic effect in increasing the permeability of rocks by twice the sum of the effects for each component.
Work results can be used in the development of scientific foundations of managing the filtration properties of porous materials of various origins.

The influence of fullerenes’ soot concentration, which added to oil М10г2к on few tribotechnical characteristics «steel-steel» was investigated. It was found, that optimal volume of fullerene soot in the oil was 0,1% of the weight. At this level of concentration can be seen the lowest values of coefficient of friction – 0,045, and intense of linear wearing – 2,7×10-9. Through optical investigation the participation of fullerene soot in surface forming mechanism and saturated with carbon was confirmed, it provided an increase in tribotechnical characteristics of the samples.

Training and examination of working professions employees (further – workers) of the organisations, that are controled by Federal department of ecological, technological and nuclear supervision in Russian Federation (further – Rostechnadzor) of occupational Safety and Health and in the field of safety – it is one of the key factors in creating conditions for trouble-free operation of hazardous production facilities (further – HPF) and reduce industrial injuries at these facilities. This article provides an overview of the existing system of training and examination of workers on occupational health and safety and industrial safety, revealed its main gaps. The development and implementation of guidance cards safe methods and techniques of work are revealed, as a form of industrial instructions.

Considered are inhibitor properties of the tank oil slime. Physical and chemical characteristics of oil and oil slime are given.
Given are the data of tests on corrosive stability in atmospheric conditions and by accelerated anticorrosive method. It is shown that the aqueous and organic extract of the tank oil slime has obviously marked inhibitor properties that allow to recommend them for producing anticorrosive paint and varnish coatings.

The growing marine pollution by oil strengthens the interest not only in the methods of combating their causes, but in methods of their forecasting as well on the basis of modeling and calculation of spreading oil spreading on the sea for some reason or other.

The paper dwells on a mathematical model of calculating the area of oil spill spreading. The developed methodology for calculating change in the radius and area of oil spill is represented by function of three arguments: oil product density ρ , spillover volume V and o spreading time t.

The proposed model allows forecasting the initial stages of oil spreading. The given methodology enables to determine transit time of the process of oil spill spreading from the first phase to the second one, and from the second to the third one, and the radius and area of oil spill spreading.

Transportation of oil and oil products through the pipeline, due to their high viscosity and the paraffin content is technically and technologically complex process. At present, for the purpose of improving rheological parameters of oil, one of the most effective methods consists in its heating in heat-exchange installations to a certain temperature. The degree of improvement of rheological parameters of oil depends on its heating temperature and conditions of subsequent cooling. Heat treatment improves the inlet capabilities of pumps and allows improving the oil transportation process through the main pipes and pipelines.

The given paper dwells on the design procedure of the heat-exchange installation “the pipe in pipe”. Such type of heat-exchanger is characterized by a simple design and low hydraulic resistance, in which the hot heat transmitter is ecologically clean water.
The process of oil heating in heat-exchanger is the process of convective heat exchange, the intensity of which depends on a number of parameters, including the oil density and viscosity, which in turn are the values depending on temperature. On that basis, the paper dwells on the design procedure of the heat-exchange installation (“the pipe in pipe”) that should enable us to ensure the optimal heating temperature and calculation of geometrical sizes of heat-exchanger through mathematical way.

The paper presents analysis of hazards of sea environmental pollution by lubricating and hydraulic oils based on the west Pomeranian Sea fishing fleet. The analysis of hazards of environmental pollution has been presented here while on lubricating and hydraulic oils are used. The purpose of the Paper is to provide additional controls mitigate potential hazards.