International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The article studies and analyzes the impact of armed aggression and hostilities on soil cover, in particular, damage and destruction of fertile soil as a result of the detonation of various explosives (missiles, bombs, artillery shells, etc.). It has been established that as a result of rocket and artillery shelling, the fields are covered with craters from the explosions of shells, mines, and rockets. The craters are of different diameters and depths. The soil remaining at the impact site is turbulized, subject to dynamic compaction, and contains numerous metal fragments with residues of explosive toxic substances, which means that the physical properties of the soil deteriorate, the particle size distribution changes, and the soil is compacted and disintegrated due to a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable fractions, etc. Based on research on the impact of military operations on agricultural soils, the following technology for reclamation of explosion craters was developed.

The article presents an analysis of the impact of armed aggression and military operations on soil cover, in particular, damage and chemical contamination. It shows the approaches most commonly used when sampling bombed soil, provides possible levels of contamination of agricultural land, and suggests measures for the use of such land depending on the level of chemical contamination.

The article studies the damage and destruction of the fertile soil layer as a result of military operations, in particular the detonation of various kinds of explosives, and examines the level of contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals and other harmful substances. A method of restoring the surface of damaged land caused by bombing is proposed, which involves first cleaning the craters from damaged and contaminated soil with heavy metals and other dangerous substances. If a dangerous concentration of heavy metals and other dangerous substances is found on the surface of the crater, the removed contaminated soil layer must be disposed of. When disposing of the removed contaminated soil layer, it is proposed to use a flexible screw conveyor with a sectional auger working body. The constructive scheme of the experimental setup with a hitch system of a machine-tractor unit and a flexible screw conveyor is shown. To select the rational design parameters of the screw sections of the working body, computer modeling of the influence of power loads on the corresponding deformations depending on the conditions of their operation was carried out.

The article studies and analyzes the impact of military operations on the soil cover, in particular, damage and destruction of the fertile soil layer as a result of detonation of various explosive objects (missiles, bombs, artillery shells, etc.) and its contamination with heavy metals and other harmful substances. A method is proposed for the technical reclamation of damaged land as a result of bombing. It involves first cleaning the craters from damaged and contaminated soil with heavy metals and other hazardous substances. It is proposed to use a new working body for this purpose. If a dangerous concentration of heavy metals and other hazardous substances is found on the surface of the crater, the removed contaminated soil layer must be disposed of. If the removed layer of the sinkhole surface contains an acceptable concentration of contaminants, the removed layer can be left at the bottom of the funnel. A flexible screw conveyor with a sectional auger working body can be used to dispose of the removed contaminated soil layer. To restore the relief, it is necessary to backfill the craters, i.e. level the surface. After that, the land can be disked and cultivated, and plowed if necessary.

The article describes the types of soil destruction caused by hostilities, rocket and artillery attacks, air strikes, and construction, arrangement, and maintenance of engineering and fortification structures and fences. The technology of technical reclamation of explosion craters is also shown

The article examines and analyses the impact of armed aggression and hostilities on the soil cover, in particular, damage and destruction of the fertile soil layer as a result of detonation of various explosive objects (missiles, bombs, artillery shells, etc.) and movement of military equipment and its contamination with harmful substances contained in explosives and fuels and lubricants.

The ionic composition and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution of four soil profiles, from the area of Obruchishte were analyzed and relationships with soil hydrophobicity were discussed. It was found that the greatest variation and leaching of NO3-, SO4 2-
and Ca2+ were from the profile of Obruchishte under ash, while of Na+ from Obruchishte under pine. In Obruchishte profile after cereals the highest content of Cl-, PO43- and NO3- were found in the investigated soil solution. No significant correlation was found between the chemical elements and WDPT, except for Obruchishte, stubble. In this profile a significant correlation was found between the Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations and WDPT. Significant relationship (R*=0.63, p<0.05) between DOC and WDPT was established only at the experimental profile Obruchishte under ash. Differences in the distribution of soluble organic carbon in soil profiles in our studies is most likely due to the heterogeneity of the geological materials used as a substrate for reclamation of the studied sites

The present study examines the possibilities for reclamation of soils contaminated with heavy metals from the extraction of polymetallic ores with soil improvers mixture of waste – sludge from WWTP and ash from thermal power plants, through a vegetation experiment. Two herbaceous species of the genus Rumex were selected for the experiment – R. acetossela and R. patienta known for their ability to accumulate heavy metals and in particular copper. The results of the study prove the ability to use the improvers in biological reclamation of old embankments.