Mechanization in agriculture & Conserving of the resources
Vol. 66 (2020), Issue 4

Table of Contents

  • MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE

    • Scientific technologies and their technical support – main factors of efficiency of plant products production

      pg(s) 118-122

      The modern trends of development of agricultural technologies and their technical support and methodical approach to the formation of an effective technical and technological base of agrarian enterprises. It is established that the main factors influencing the efficiency and environmental friendliness of agricultural production are technologies and technical means for their implementation. In economically developed countries, technological innovations provide 70-90% growth in gross domestic product. The methodical approach to formation of effective technical and technological base of the agricultural enterprises on the basis of innovative technologies and the newest technical means with the technical and operational parameters coordinated with volumes of mechanized works and rational terms of their performance is offered. The main paradigm of the latest technologies for crop production is greening, which is based on the harmonization of the relationship between technology and soils, which will reduce the physical degradation of soils and preserve their fertility. To ensure efficient production of crop products in the agricultural enterprise should be formed technical and technological base on the basis of science-intensive technologies and the latest technical means with technical and operational parameters consistent with the scope of work and rational agro-technical terms of their implementation.

    • Construction of a new calculation mathematical model of the vibration process of excavation of the root body from the soil, taking into account its elastic damping properties

      pg(s) 123-128

      The equation of shock interaction of the vibrating digging working body with the body of the sugar beet root, fixed in the soil, which occurs in the process of vibratory digging of the roots, is made. Based on the shock interaction equation, the shock pulse and the maximum shock force that occur during this interaction were determined, which allowed to further assess the degree of damage and knocking out of root heads in the process of vibration digging of sugar beet. From the conditions of non-damage of root crops the expression for definition of admissible frequency of fluctuations of the vibrating digging working body taking into account its design parameters and translational speed of movement of the beet harvester is received. Based on the obtained equations describing this process, the optimal values of the kinematic and structural parameters of the working plow for vibration digging of sugar beets are found.

    • Data analysis required for vineyard disease prediction

      pg(s) 129-130

      In this paper we will analyze what type of data we need in order to perform the research. Hence, we needed to gather a satisfying set of data that we will use for testing the initial model. In order to get to the right set of data, first it was crucial to identify the most common vineyard diseases in the Republic of North Macedonia. Furthermore, we needed to gather the data set from sensors from all available measuring stations in different vineyard locations. Finally, the aim is to develop an original model for vineyard disease prediction using the most appropriate machine learning algorithms. We present the latest results we have achieved as well.

  • CONSERVING OF THE RESOURCES

    • Integrated policies and practices in soil and water management to achieve the objectives of the European Green Deal

      pg(s) 131-133

      The main task of this paper is to show the goals and possible practices in the management of key elements of the environment: soils and waters to achieve the goals set in the European Green Deal and to achieve sustainability of the EU economy. The introduced roadmap for actions outlines the main goals and requirements for increasing the efficiency of the used natural resources: soil and water by introducing the principles of the circular economy and regenerative agriculture for restoring biodiversity and mitigating the reasons for preventing their pollution.

    • Physico-chemical properties of lignite mine reclaimed soil formed under 19 different tree species in Sokolov, Czech Republic

      pg(s) 134-135

      Coal mining was, and still is, a very important part of Czech national economy. Since 1957, it has been compulsory for organizations which have been granted mining permissions to carry out restoration procedures after the mining is finished. The aim of this research was to compare the physico-chemical properties of reclaimed mine soil of Antonin locality in the Sokolov mining basin, Czech Republic, which was experimentally afforested between 1968 and 1972. 5 undisturbed soil samples were taken from each of the 20 homogeneous stands (100 samples in total) composed of 19 various tree species (10 broadleaved and 9 coniferous) and bulk and specific density, porosity, water retention capacities, pH, soil oxidizable carbon (SOC) and total levels of N, C and S were determined and compared. In most cases, forming of soils with better overall physical and chemical properties was noticed under the broadleaved species.

    • Approaches for reclamation of embankments from the extraction of polymetallic ores with soil improvers from waste and R. acetosella, and R. patientia

      pg(s) 136-139

      The present study examines the possibilities for reclamation of soils contaminated with heavy metals from the extraction of polymetallic ores with soil improvers mixture of waste – sludge from WWTP and ash from thermal power plants, through a vegetation experiment. Two herbaceous species of the genus Rumex were selected for the experiment – R. acetossela and R. patienta known for their ability to accumulate heavy metals and in particular copper. The results of the study prove the ability to use the improvers in biological reclamation of old embankments.

    • Effect of the implementation of agro-technical and ameliorative measures in soils with poor technological and pedological properties

      pg(s) 140-145

      Applying appropriate tillage systems, agro-technical and ameliorative measures can stop the negative changes in soil functions and stabilize and improve soil fertility through a systematic agro-technical approach.
      The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the introduction of new solutions in agro-technology on cultivation of arable crops on soils with impaired fertility. In a three-field crop rotation with potato, wheat and corn cultivation, after the application of soil tillage and liming systems, it has been found that soil tillage systems have a direct and indirect impact on the productivity of crops grown under crop rotation, setting the conditions for the cultivation of crops other agrotechnical activities.
      The deeper basic cultivations applied to the potatoes on Chromic Luvisosl and EutricPlanosols, leads to lower values of bulk density and strength.
      Potato cultivation has a significant effect on both limestone and ash input, with a positive effect on corn and wheat.
      On the basis of the results obtained from the field experiments, a technology for the production of potatoes and wheat grown in a three-field crop rotation on soils with medium to highly acidic reaction of the soil solution – Chromic Luvisosl and EutricPlanosols in the study area is recommended.

    • Changes in the agrochemical status of Haplic Vertisols depending on the agro-technical measures

      pg(s) 146-149

      By assessing basic agro-technical factors, optimal decisions can be made for good agricultural practice on soils with heavy mechanical composition, such as the Haplic Vertisols.
      The aim of the study is to identify the changes in the agrochemical status of Haplic Vertisols that occur under the influence of applied agro-technical measures.
      For the achievement of the purpose in the period 2016 -2019, a field trials, based on the block method in the Sofia Region on a Haplic Vertisols were carried out.
      The applied fertilization mainly affects the content of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, the phosphorus forms remain with low values, it is clearly necessary to raise the norm and with a methodical approach it is necessary to achieve a sustainable level of absorbed phosphates. The content of the absorbed potassium is still satisfactory, and based on the data from the analysis, its reduction and export with the produced products are smaller.

    • Water productivity and the effect of watering on apples grown under conditions of optimal irrigation and water deficit

      pg(s) 150-153

      In order to determine the productivity and the effect of irrigation on apples grown under soil and meteorological conditions in the area of the village of Chelopechene – Sofia, research was conducted on drip irrigation of a plantation of the “Florina” variety, and different regimes were tested – from complete satisfaction of the daily needs of water to irrigate the culture with irrigation rates reduced by 20% and 40%. A non-irrigation variant has also been tested.
      The productivity of the irrigation rate at optimal irrigation varies by years from 16.3 to 28.0 kg.ha-1.mm-1, and at 40% reduction of the irrigation rate from 19.3 to 26.0 kg.ha-1. mm-1
      The highest values of productivity of the irrigation rate are reached at irrigation with a 40% reduction of the irrigation rate, in the dry 2004 high values were obtained and at the variant irrigated with 100% irrigation rate 28,0 kg.ha-1.mm-1
      The optimization of moisture in the active soil layer contributes to a significant increase and stabilization of yields, which for the test conditions are from 1266 to 2087 kg / dka. Additional yields ranged from 542 to 821 kg / dka, averaging over the study period.