International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Studies have shown that noise pollution is a very harmful form of pollution for human health and also for labor efficiency. The noise pollution is mainly due to traffic that may be the form of road traffic, rail traffic or air traffic. As the noise pollution, caused by the circulation of vehicles on road clothing, has increased substantially due to the increase of the fleet of vehicles in Romania, I tried at the Road Research Station at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Iaşi to determine the noise produced by road traffic on different types o fbituminous clothing. The goal is to get bituminous clothing that emits as little noise as possible and satisfies the conditions of resistance in exploitation.
Measurements will be made with special sonometers in different situations, which will give a realistic look at the operating conditions at different vehicle speeds and under certain weather conditions (clear, rain, etc.). After analyzing the noise level of each required embroidery, I will try to develop a mineral skeleton that will represent the base of an asphalt mix. Moreover, the asphalt mix will be as silent as possible and the physico-mechanical and the dynamic characteristics will fit within the limits of the current standards.

The aim of this article is to describe the general methodology of earthquake early warning systems. The common disaster monitoring system was analyzed, and the construction system of disaster information management system was discussed particularly. This paper addresses traditional views of early warning systems and what is needed to turn them into efficient, people-centred systems.

The threat of maritime piracy has not disappeared with the decline in Somali piracy since 2011-2012. Piracy has surged in other regions and now the tactic is to kidnap the crew for ransom. Although at present many ships employ self-defense measures, pirate attacks become more sophisticated and demonstrate a remarkable degree of success. Considering the presence and the evolution of this threat, the improvement of anti-piracy protection of vessels is increasingly important. The purpose of this survey is to track the evolution of pirate practices (character of attacks, targets, tactics, weapons and equipment), along with the evolution of anti-piracy measures, within the period 2008-2017.

Values are the principle of human existence. They are its proto-principle. Human life runs its course within a world of values, is guided and made meaningful by values. Political action, as a kind of social action, is guided by meaning and – directly or indirectly – by values. The cardinal function of values is to legitimate the social and political (individual and/or group) actions. The devaluation of values leads to a crisis of society, the only solution to which is a revaluation of values. And because – not being subject to natural causality – values are a matter of choice, when they are imposed and coercively required of people, they cannot result in the good, and their devaluation becomes inevitable. Devalued values break down the immune system of a person, a group, a society. The disregard for politics as a value is a symptom of a severely ailing society. Overall, researches on values have revealed a tendency to moral degradation and a shortage of social and political values. Sociologists explain this negative trend with reference to the preceding period that had abruptly placed whole generations of people socialized in one type of society – the Socialist one – into a new reality that required a radical elimination of the conflict areas in their now compromised past socialization. A clarification of the interconnection between attitudes and values such as justice, family, work, politics, etc., gives answers to the question as to how far these values are a resource for meaningful construction and/or consolidation of community ties. The extent to which values are accepted by the community as reference points for personal and social realization depends on the interiorization of supra-individual norms and values. Only a person who has interiorized these norms and values – not as imposed coercively from outside but as his/her own – may simultaneously live in society and be “free” of society. Individualization is the basic characteristic of a healthy society. The individualization in question must not consist of individualism, atomization, and/or highlighting the Self, but should involve a collective and normative style of life. In that case, it may alleviate the contrast between desired values that underlie the actual conduct of people, and the desirable values that are related to the normative requirements of society.

Without claiming to be exhaustive, this paper aims at analyzing the tools of alternative (Track II and III diplomacy) for conflict resolution and crisis management. In order to maximize the gains from private diplomacy, the EU should take into account what Track II and III diplomacy has done so far to help solve conflicts, why it is need and how it can best be used.

Lack of paid employment for a considerable part of the employable population creates serious difficulties for the social security system. An unemployed individual is no longer able to meet the social requirement for labour contribution and the personal depression results in social and political instability. Hence, solving the problem of unemployment is a prerequisite for decreasing poverty and social exclusion. It is in this context that a proposal is made for directing the public policy of the labour market towards active measures concerning employment. The objective is for the state to interact as a partner between the two parties on the labour market ‒ workers and employers. In its role of a mediator the government can, on the one hand, stimulate demand, and on the other – the supply of labour on the part of the economically active population.

The Middle East is a geographical region which can be defined in more than one way. Depending on various factors such as security, politics, or economy, the Middle East might stretch from Morocco to Pakistan (the Greater Middle East, coined in the early 2000s) or, according to a more traditional, Orientalist definition, from Egypt to Iran. The definitions also vary as to which countries on the African continent should be interpolated into the Middle Eastern region. While the geographical range of the Middle East is disputable, one criteria of the definition is unchallenged, and this is the lack of stability of the region. At the epicenter of this instability is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. When Israel was established as a new state in the region in 1948, there was a broader Israeli-Arab conflict. And, while the Israeli-Palestinian conflict applies to merely 20.000 km2,, in its specificity, it radiates onto the whole region – once a local conflict, then a regional one, and eventually gaining a global inflammation rank (Bojko, 2006). It is also at the heart of the followers of Islam (the religion with the second biggest population) and draws attention of policymakers globally, who for the last seven decades, have failed to find a solution to the conflict.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, because of the magnitude of issues involved, is often not fully comprehended but it still evokes stark, polarized opinions. The intricacies of the conflict have their direct root in the previous century, but both sides of the conflict, in reinforcing their rights, go back not decades but centuries. The conflict itself has been also used by third parties e.g. during the Cold War, or as the pretext for carrying out the attacks on 9/11. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is complex, it affects many people, not just locally but also globally. Therefore, explaining the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through ten basic criteria will allow us to understand the complexity of the conflict and to formulate our own opinions and positions on this difficult subject.

Every optimization problem needs its appropriate model. An administrative process is specific but it also requires optimization. In this paper a practical review on the preceding stage of process decomposition is made. A review on possible approaches to the further modeling of an administrative process as an event-oriented process deriving from project management practitioners is done. The problem of decisions making under risk and uncertainty conditions is explained in the case of a discrete-event administrative process model and two approaches for uncertainty presentation are proposed for review.

The present-day geopolitical landscape and the nature of modern conflicts, in which opponents are often mixed with the civilian population, impose significant limitations on the use of force. Minimizing the number of victims in armed conflicts is fundamental principle of both International law (IL) and the Non-lethal weapons (NLWs) concept. The IL, however, still seems insufficiently adapted in respect to NLWs, creating paradoxes in which use of conventional weapons, causing massive death and damage, prove to be preferable to non-lethal force. This paper examines the unresolved issues in the relationships between IL and the chemical non-lethal agents.

The main issues are considered in this topic: the security of China’s economic from the point of view of self-organization and harmonization and based on the methodological harmonization author analyzed the economy as a system. In the end, we concluded that selforganization is a possible direction for the development of complex economic systems, which is based on the unity of the processes of selforganization and disorganization, complexity and diversity, etc.

The present report considers the EU Action Plan to enhance preparedness against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear security (CBRN) risk, adopted in 2009 by the EU Council. The Action Plan‟s overall goal is to reduce the threat of, and damage from, CBRN incidents of accidental or intentional origin, including terrorist acts. The Plan provides possibilities for the EU member states to implement the listed standards by including them into the national legislation. The National Program developed subsequently in Bulgaria for the implementation of the EU CBRN Action Plan is also analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of the document are revised as well as the progress of its implementation.

Even before the conquest of the Balkan peninsula was completed by the end of the 15 century, the Ottoman Empire was faced with the need to increase the Muslim component of the local population so as to affirm Ottoman power in the new lands. The central authorities, the army and the clergy began to systematically implement a policy of Islamization. Colonization and migration were among the factors that led to the settlement of a numerous Muslim population. Conversion to Islam was linked to certain advantages, such as pardon for violations of law, the distribution of offices and positions, assistance for impoverished new Muslims, inclusion in Ottoman military organizations such as the spahi, the janissaries, the yaya (peasant infantry), the muslem (autonomous peasant cavalry), the akinji (advance cavalry), the yuruks, etc. There was a merging of ethnic and religious identity stemming from the way in which the Empire was organized and from the importance of religion for the exercise of power. Religious affiliation became an ethnonym of power, and power was in Muslim hands. Evidently, the causes and factors of the conversion to Islam of part of the Balkan population have not been definitively clarified and will remain debatable if the explanation is looked for in “coercion” alone or in “voluntary choice” alone. Perhaps the causes might be related to the internal political strategy of the Ottoman state with regard to the numerous population of the Balkans as well as to the medieval religiousness of the peasants and the incapacity of the Orthodox Church, in its subordinate position, to maintain their faith and provide them with material assistance.