International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

There were studied mechanisms interfacial interactions in composite systems based on dispersed particles of polymer materials (polyolefins, polyamides, fluorcontaining polymers) and modifiers of various composition and structure in the combination process in the units with intense mechanical action. There were established the effects of formation of products of mechanochemical interaction of active centers of modifiers particles and radical fragments of macromolecules degradation. The obtained results allow changing the technological paradigm of the creation of high-strength and highly filled engineering nanocomposites based on high-molecular matrix.

On the basis of modern concepts of condensed matter physics and quantum physics considered the criteria for inclusion ofdispersed particles of different composition, structure, and technological background to nanomodifiers of polymeric, oligomeric and combined matrices. There were proposed an analytical expression for the evaluation of limiting size of the dispersed particles L₀, which characterizes the manifestation of a particular energy state – nanostate.There was implemented the analysis of experimental and literature data confirming the adequacy of the calculated value of the size of particles in nanostate obtained using relation L₀=230•θ_D^-1/2, where θ_D – Debye temperature. It is shown that the provision of effective modification of macromolecular matrices necessary and sufficient condition is the presence of dispersed particles of different composition and structure of nanoscale structural fragments of the surface layer, which ensure the implementation of synergies through a combination of energy and mechanical factors in the formation of boundary layers of the optimal structure.

Using methods of spectroscopy of thermally stimulated currents (TSC spectroscopy), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was done of the energy state of dispersed particles of different composition and structure – mineral (tripoli, shungit, clay, mica, silica) and synthetic (ultra dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene, nanodiamonds, silicate glass, metal oxides). There was established the effect of occurrence of the special energy state of dispersed particles, due to the presence of nanoscale components of the structure. There were studied parameters of the energy characteristics of the modifier (value and density of the residual charge, activation energy of the relaxation, time of charge relaxation et al.) depending on the action of technological factors – temperature, mechanical stress, energy flows. The optimal ranges of occurrence of effective modifying action in macromolecular matrices of various types – polymeric, oligomeric, combined. There were proposed technological principles formation of mechanical engineering nanocomposite materials with improved parameters of deformation and strength and tribological characteristics.

There were studied the mechanisms of interfacial processes when combining components of different composition, structure, and molecular weight in disintegrating type high-energy installations. The effects of formation of mechanochemical transformations products due to the flow of physical and chemical processes of interfacial interactions at the place of active centers of combined components were established. There were developed compositions and obtaining technology of composite materials and products containing mechanochemically combined components that cause the realization of synergies enhance the parameters of strength and tribological characteristics. The directions of the practical application of composites with mechanically activated components for the manufacture of tribological purpose products and coatings, which are used in metal-polymer constructions of vehicles and technological equipment.

There were considered physical preconditions of appearance of dispersed particles activity in the process of the high molecular matrix modifying. The existence of a non-linear function S(r) = f (r) defining the dependence of the parameters of the characteristic physical properties of the particle of its geometrical parameters was shown. The expediency of use as modifiers dispersed particles with developed morphology of the surface layer, which provides a special energy state, was shown. Methodological approaches the optimum choice of effective modifiers while creating functional composites were developed. Practical applications of the developed approaches were exemplified.