International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Are investigated mechanisms and kinetics of structural transformations polymeric substrates and of disperse particles fillers and modifiers exposed defocused laser radiation with energy in the range of 1.5 to 6 J. Installed effect of hardening the thermoplastic matrices (polyolefins, polyamides, of polyesters) when exposed to short laser pulses on a film sample thicknesses of 50-200 microns. The methods of structural analysis (IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, DTA) showed, that the predominant mechanism of manifestation hardening effect is the formation of nano-sized structures in the film sample volume due to leakage of recrystallization processes. When exposed to laser radiation to disperse and fibrous particles of silicates, graphite, schungite, carbon fibers is implementing a complex effect of increasing the dispersion and the formation of advanced morphology of the surface layer with an increase in the proportion of nano-sized fragments whisker and lamellar habitus. When laser irradiation of fibers fragments formed developed morphology of the surface layer, due to the occurrence of thermal degradation processes that lead to the appearance of cracks and of globular indentations. Spectroscopy method of thermally stimulated currents (TSC – spectroscopy) established the effect of changing the energy state of the surface layers of substrates and particulate modifiers, which are characterized by extreme values of magnitude TSC – currents in the temperature range 193-523 K. The combined effect of energy and morphological factors provides the effect of increasing the activity of modifying components subjected to the laser processing. Changing the energy state of the surface layer of the polymer substrate has a beneficial bactericidal effect, increases the effectiveness of antiseptic treatment of medical devices used in medical practice. Are presented examples of the practical use of the established laws when creating polymer composites for metal-polymer systems for various applications.

Using methods of spectroscopy of thermally stimulated currents (TSC spectroscopy), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was done of the energy state of dispersed particles of different composition and structure – mineral (tripoli, shungit, clay, mica, silica) and synthetic (ultra dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene, nanodiamonds, silicate glass, metal oxides). There was established the effect of occurrence of the special energy state of dispersed particles, due to the presence of nanoscale components of the structure. There were studied parameters of the energy characteristics of the modifier (value and density of the residual charge, activation energy of the relaxation, time of charge relaxation et al.) depending on the action of technological factors – temperature, mechanical stress, energy flows. The optimal ranges of occurrence of effective modifying action in macromolecular matrices of various types – polymeric, oligomeric, combined. There were proposed technological principles formation of mechanical engineering nanocomposite materials with improved parameters of deformation and strength and tribological characteristics.

There were considered physical preconditions of appearance of dispersed particles activity in the process of the high molecular matrix modifying. The existence of a non-linear function S(r) = f (r) defining the dependence of the parameters of the characteristic physical properties of the particle of its geometrical parameters was shown. The expediency of use as modifiers dispersed particles with developed morphology of the surface layer, which provides a special energy state, was shown. Methodological approaches the optimum choice of effective modifiers while creating functional composites were developed. Practical applications of the developed approaches were exemplified.