International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The present study examines autonomous factories as a contemporary manifestation of digital transformation in the manufacturing sector. Unlike traditional automation, autonomous systems demonstrate cognitive capabilities through the integration of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cyber-physical systems. The technological architecture includes the Internet of Things, digital twins, advanced robotics, and blockchain technologies, functioning in synergy. The implementation process follows a phased evolution through five maturity levels. The analysis reveals multiple challenges – technical, financial, ethical, and regulatory. Empirical data shows that the primary difficulties stem from psychological resistance and organizational adaptation, rather than from technological limitations. The research examines the economic effects, changes in employment structure, and the social dimensions of the transformation. In conclusion, the necessity for a balanced approach is emphasized, integrating technological capabilities with human needs in the context of Industry 5.0 philosophy.

Industry 4.0 has established itself as an era of digital transformation, automation, and intelligent technologies that integrate machine systems, data, and processes into a unified architecture. Its core strength is rooted in efficiency, speed, and systematic optimization. However, the pursuit of maximum productivity often displaces anthropometric factors – ethical values, sustainable development, and the social dimensions of technological progress. This is precisely where the philosophy of Industry 5.0 is positioned, building upon the previous paradigm by placing humans at the center of transformational processes. If Industry 4.0 represents the era of machine dominance, then Industry 5.0 introduces the era of symbiosis between human and technological capabilities. The change goes beyond theoretical frameworks and generates measurable results. When people are perceived as partners rather than victims of technological progress, innovations become bolder, products more personalized, and business models more sustainable. Industry 5.0 does not reject digitalization but humanizes it by integrating values such as sustainable development, social responsibility, and balance between technological innovation and human creativity.

The present article analyzes intergenerational differences in values, attitudes and motivational preferences of employees in the context of the digitalized work environment of Industry 5.0. Five generations are examined – from Baby Boomers to Generation Alpha – through their chronological, social and behavioral profiles. Summary tables are presented with leading motivators, work styles and expectations towards organizations. The paper formulates practice-oriented recommendations for personalized managerial and motivational approaches aligned with the characteristics of each generation and human-centered model of Industry 5.0. The conclusions of the study indicate that strategic consideration of generational differences is essential for building effective, inclusive and adaptive human resource practices in line with the goals of Industry 5.0.

For the last ten years, Industry 4.0 has been available to address the industry’s shortcomings. Therefore, Industry 4.0 has met some challenges and limitations. Consequently, we have entered the era of Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0. Smart factories and robots are driving up business productivity and growth, focusing on sustainability and resilience. This paper analyzes Industry 5.0 and its implementation challenges based on the competence profile of employees. The content and effects of entering Industry 5.0 to align with the competency profile of employees in the Era 5.0 were systematized. Industry 5.0 is transforming paradigms and bringing about resolution, as it shifts the focus away from technology and instead emphasizes the potential for progress through fruitful collaboration between humans and machines. In a business context, the advancements in technology necessitate the implementation of Industry 5.0 to secure competitive advantages and foster economic growth and development. Firstly, we discuss the definition and features of Industry 5.0 from the competency point of view. Secondly, we present two of the most recent and significant competencies—the entrepreneurial and green competencies. The question of their significance and necessity in the context of Industry 5.0 for industrial development on one hand, and for career development on the other hand, is discussed. On this basis, some conclusions and recommendations aimed at business and academia are made. It can also serve as a basis for further research in the field of skill development and workforce transformation in the face of the deep transformation framed by the green and digital economy.

Industry 5.0 is the production model based on the concept of how people and machines can work together. Modern industry is focusing on collaboration between people, robots, and intelligent machines with the help of AI. The design and implementation of solutions, based on Industry 5.0 brings a new level with the latest achievements in Artificial Intelligence and especially the Generative AI, realized on top of the Open AI.
This paper focuses on implementing modern automation with the help of Open AI as a new concept to use AI as a SaaS, integrated with smart machines and robots, helping them to work in a human-like way. The research overviews the use cases and proposes a framework to build a smart solution based on Generative AI and cognitive robots, where integration between SaaS AI and smart machines is based on Cognitive Digital Twins. Research results also include prototypes of cognitive digital twins and its integration with intelligent machines.

In this article, it will present you how a bionics technique as technical solutions of Industry 5.0 from nature leads managers to creation a good organisational structure. Industry 5.0 penetrates into the very essence of human existence and the relationship to machinesand automated processes. It is not possible to consider the new industrial revolution without mentioning the more recent scientific disciplinecalled “bionics”. What is bionics? “Bionics would be a return to nature with the aim of finding solutions to technical problems. Thedevelopment of bionics is the key concepts of Industry 5.0 [1].
Bionics is a tool for solving problems in the conceptual and applied phases of design. The goal of bionics is to use biological inspiration in designing organisational structure that mimic the behaviour of living organisms. There are many characteristics that can identify a bionic mechanism. One of the abilities is to work independently in complex environments, can adapt to unplanned and unpredictable changes and perform multi-functional tasks. In every organization, it is most important to know who has the highest authority. Nature offers examples of organizations of other living beings that are effective and work without control, without leaders, without instructions, yet everyone in this organization knows what to do. In this article, the efficiency and working efficiency of insects such as ants in order to create a good organisational structure has been studied.