Science. Business. Society.
Vol. 1 (2016), Issue 5

Table of Contents

  • SCIENCE

    • FROM ORDER TO CHAOS WITH STANDARD MAP AND ORTHOGONAL FAST LYAPUNOV INDICATOR

      pg(s) 3-6

      The standard map is an apparently simple system that is well suited to explain the transition from regular behaviour to global chaos. Its dynamics depends strongly on a control parameter that influences the degree of chaos. For low or high parameter values the resulting dynamics is entirely regular or chaotic. At intermediate parameter values, however, the map exhibits a complex behaviour characterized by a mixture of chaotic and regular regions in the phase space. It is the purpose of this paper to emphasize this remarkable dynamics. Using phase planes and the Orthogonal Fast Lyapunov Indicator (OFLI) plots we try to determine the control parameter levels at which the main transformations take place and determine how quickly the chaotic orbits replace the regular ones in the phase space. Some comments referring the implementation and the efficiency of the OFLI test are included in the paper.

    • СLEANING OF WATER AND SAND BEACHES FROM OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS WITH GRAPHITE SUPERSORBENT. METHODS AND EQUIPMENT

      pg(s) 9-12

      Elaboration of effective ways of elimination of spilled oil and oil products are very actually now. One of the most effective methods for solving this problem is the absorption of the oil by sorbents. Supersorbent on the basis of thermally expanded graphite has unique characteristics. It is a special modification of the graphite obtained by multi-stage thermo-chemical treatment of natural flakes graphite. We have developed different methods of preliminary preparation and subsequent application of this sorbent considering a specificity of emergency spill, properties of spilled liquid, the nature of cleaning surface and weather conditions. Also, question of spent sorbent utilization has been studied. The recycling process involves the desorption process up to 85% with subsequent use of the sorbent to 10 cycles of regeneration. Obtained while desorption liquid can be used for another purpose or as an additive to fuel oil. Technology and equipment for liquidation of emergency oil spills on water surface and coastal sand have been developed and tested.

    • EFFECT OF ADDITIVES IN PHASE COMPOSITION OF CARBON CATALYSTS OTHER THAN ASC WHETLERITE TYPE CARBONS ON THEIR REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AGAINST HYDROGEN CYANIDE VAPORS IN THE AIR

      pg(s) 13-17

      Canisters for present-day gas masks are usually filled with impregnated ASC Whetlerite activated carbons. To solve the inherent problems of the carbon catalysts new types of Cu/Zn-based impregnated carbons with complete substitution of Cr with Mo and by addition in the impregnating solution of alkaline K2CO3 and TEDA in some cases were prepared. The removal efficiency of these samples against HCN vapours in air tested under standard conditions demonstrated that the content of K2CO3 to ~ 4% in Cu/Zn samples extends the protection effect to practically equal to the same parameter for the ASC Whetlerite. The inclusion of TEDA in the phase composition of the catalysts does not impair the protection properties towards HCN of the carbon catalysts.

    • MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBONS AS MATERIALS FOR A DECONTAMINATION OF TI POISONED WATER

      pg(s) 18-21

      Removal of large monovalent cations, as highly toxic thallium (Tl), from the waters is a subject of significant interest due to the hazards its pose. Active materials on the basis of activated carbons intended for removal of Tl ions from drinking water was synthesized and characterized in two stages. During the first, deposition and stabilization of the Fe (3+) phase in the internal surface of activated carbon samples (AC/Fe (3+)) was carry out. During the second, deposition on the AC/Fe (3+) of K4[Fe(CN)6] phase and subsequent chemical reaction were realized. The removal performance of the samples prepared for Tl ions in aqueous solution was investigated by adsorption process. Increased sorption possibilities were observed toward Tl ions as compare to initial carbons.

    • SAFETY OF INFORMATION-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT

      pg(s) 22-24

      In the article is considered questions of the organization structure of the software of information-management systems in railway transport. A new approach based on matching software structure with functions and their level criticality by safety. Received results allow to implement the synthesis of structures of systems with regard to their purpose and the functions they perform.

  • BUSINESS

    • STRESS IMPACT AT THE WORKING PLACE – COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR BULGARIA, MACEDONIA AND GERMANY

      pg(s) 25-29

      The modern society is highly material and financially oriented. Due to this reason, the processes have to be cost-effective with optimizing the expenses. Despite the tendencies of modernization, technological progress and automating proceedings, the role of a person as an “actor” in these processes is irreplaceable. Unfortunately, especially in the countries with highly developed economy, the expenses for staff are really high. The worker’s protection from occupational accidents and professional illnesses, as well as the employees’ efficiency in a long-term plan are connected with consumption resources which for the factories are often quite high. In short-term aspect, the resource-saving in a way of good working conditions is not a decision.

      During the last years, more and more attention is given to a factor that remains at the background of a workplace – the stress. There are many studies about its negative effect on the workers, as that reflects on the whole effectiveness of the companies and the factories. The stress-management and the prevention of the Burnout syndrome are important prerequisites for sustainable economic growth because the performance, creativity, productivity, and competitiveness of every factory depend on the qualified, healthy, motivated and organized employees who work there. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the working conditions in Bulgaria, Macedonia and Germany for several branches for which personal indicators as environment, habits, motivation, etc. Are observed. Based on assessment of the workplace stress, conclusions should be drawn for its impact as a factor, threatening the workers’ health.

    • MERAWA DAM AND MICRO HPP, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN IRAQ

      pg(s) 30-33

      The location of the Merawa dam is situated on the Cham I Daraban River, tributary of Qala Chuwalan River, which in its turn is tributary of the Lesser Zab River. From the administrative point of view, the dam site is located in Suleimaniyah Governorate, Sharbazer District, Iraq. The proposed works consist of a 38.50 meters high Dam and HPP which aims to provide a sturdy reserve of water for hydropower, irrigation and water supply for the residential areas in the downstream. Electric power is very important for the development of the area, as this war troubled zone laks entierely electricity, moreover it is considered to be a strategic area as the Iran-Iraq border is nearby. The Dam and micro-HPP will be able to provide the area with base energy, with a sturdiness granted by the volume of the reservoir, as now the only power sources are isolated fossil-fueled generators. The energy produced by the 150 kW turbines might seem small, but the community will be able to rely on this source as it’s primary supplier.

    • ASSESSMENT OF ERGONOMIC RISKS OF THE SELECTED WORK ACTIVITY BY NIOSH METHOD

      pg(s) 42-45

      Diseases of the support-motor system are the most common reason for work disability. They cause not only personal suffering and loss of income but also represent considerable costs for businesses and the national economies of individual countries. One of the important indicators of the incidence of serious health damage from work is the occurrence of reported diseases from professions and other work-related health damage. Even though the mentioned diseases have a rising tendency, it is possible to avoid them by assessment of work activities, introducing preventive measures and controlling the effectiveness of measures taken. The article presents an example of ergonomic risk assessment for working with loads as a means of prevention.

  • SOCIETY

    • MODEL FOR ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS TO IMPROVE THE SECURITY OF THE POPULATION

      pg(s) 46-49

      Prevention of industrial accidents in Europe and creation readiness of the authorities and the community for countering them are aimed not only at major catastrophes, but also at the small ones, which threaten the society, jobs and environment. Regardless of the internationally accepted framework for prevention and counteraction the industrial accidents involving hazardous substances (refers to the Seveso type site/area related accidents), there are fields that have not yet been developed, such as an assessment of the vulnerability of various sectors of economy, their interdependencies and the impact on social life. Considering these challenges, the main objective of the current article is to bring to the attention of stakeholders an integrated package of advanced developments, both in terms of Seveso type site/area related accidents, caused by reason of technological failures (technological mistakes) or are due to targeted man-made activities (terrorism).

    • INFLUENCE OF URANIUM MINES IN THE FORMATION OF NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION

      pg(s) 55-58

      First began to draw uranium in Bulgaria the germans- in 1938 in Buhovo. In the first year they draw 100 tons of metal. In 1939 they stopped. After the Second World War, uranium mining was renewed in secrecy, but this time by the Soviet-Bulgarian mining company. 48 mines have drawn uranium according to decree № 74 of the Council of Ministers in 1992, the government of Philip Dimitrov takes the decision to liquidate the uranium and another 30 were under investigation and trial operation. It is largely based in southern Bulgaria. Every year the world produces about 42,000 tons of uranium. One third of the yield is in Canada where deposits are 5 million tons. The control in the system of the Ministry of radiation status of the environment which is near former mines extracting uranium, includes field radiometric measurements and laboratory analyzes of soils, waste products in tailing ponds and landfills, sediments, groundwater and surface waters. A network of stations is built for monitoring of soil, groundwater and surface water and air, and produces agricultural products in the areas of uranium mining.

    • RADIATION EFFECT ON HUMAN AND LIVING NATURE

      pg(s) 59-61

      Radioactive and biochemical researches prove that after big reactor breakdowns nuclear explosions pastures and vegetation get polluted with radioactive iodine 131. High level of radioactive contamination has been established lucerne and other grasses, which required the prohibition of feeding farm animals with green fodder from the first slope. Milk is the most affected by the radioactive contamination of food of animal origin. Caught up in the human body radionuclides distributed in various organs, tissues and systems, they have complex kinetics, which depends on the nature of the metabolic processes. The distribution in the body depends on the manner of introduction of the radionuclide.