International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The article discusses the ecological state of atmospheric air in the city of Kutaisi and ways to reduce pollution from one of the main factors – transport, through the method of optimizing the urban road traffic system. This method integrates environmental responsibility with the goal of ensuring efficient, safe, and accessible mobility. It will also help urban planners and environmentalists, through an artificial intelligence-driven method, to reduce the negative environmental impact of transport and maintain the efficiency of transport systems.

In this paper, an uncertainty analysis is performed related to the marine MAN B&W 6S70ME-C diesel engine. Uncertainty analysis is based on six different engine operating parameters (Maximum pressure, Compression pressure, Mean indicated pressure, Exhaust Gas Outlet Temperature, Cooling Fresh Water Outlet Temperature, and Piston Cooling Oil Outlet Temperature) measured in each engine cylinder. Various engine loads are observed. Exhaust Gas Outlet Temperature uncertainties are the highest in comparison to uncertainties of all other considered operating parameters. The highest Exhaust Gas Outlet Temperature uncertainty is detected at engine load of 90% and is equal to ±2.421%, while considering all observed engine loads, Exhaust Gas Outlet Temperature uncertainty is equal to ±4.296%. Overall uncertainty of the analysis performed in this paper (which considers all observed operating parameters at all engine loads) is equal to ±4.837%, which also falls within the range of the recommended uncertainty limit (±5%).

This article provides a systemic analysis of the application of analytical methods for solving differential equations of heat and mass transfer for the design of building envelopes in the context of modern energy efficiency requirements and the digitalization of the construction industry. It is demonstrated that analytical solutions remain critical for the design of multilayer walls and roofs, thermal stability and vapor permeability calculations, and the verification of BIM models and smart home systems. A review of classic and new analytical results from 2015–2025 is presented, including the use of physically-informed neural networks (PINN) for real-time thermal protection optimization. Examples of implementation in regulatory documents, software, and microclimate management systems are provided.

Metal ions are essential for the structural stability and catalytic activity of numerous metalloproteins involved in cellular regulation and signaling. Protein phosphatases such as PHLPP2 and PPM1A play a key role in phosphorylation-dependent pathways with direct biomedical relevance, including cancer-related signaling mechanisms. Still, the factors governing metal selectivity in their active sites remain insufficiently understood. In the present study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate the metal preferences of two structurally distinct phosphatases: PHLPP2, characterized by a mononuclear Zn²⁺ binding site, and PPM1A, containing a binuclear Mn²⁺ catalytic center. The calculations are performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(3d,p) level of theory to assess the thermodynamics of metal substitution in biologically relevant coordination environments. The results indicate pronounced differences in structural protection and solvent accessibility between the two metal-binding sites, with the Zn²⁺ site in PHLPP2 exhibiting high thermodynamic stability and well-pronounced protection against competing divalent metal ions. In contrast, the binuclear Mn²⁺ center in PPM1A demonstrates greater flexibility and increased susceptibility to metal exchange, particularly in the presence of biologically abundant cations. Overall, the study demonstrates the applicability of DFT calculations as a predictive tool for investigating metal selectivity in metalloproteins and provides further insight into the possible prospects of innovative cancer-treatment strategies in biologically relevant systems.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic viral disease of cattle caused by the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), a member of the genus Deltaretrovirus within the family Retroviridae. The virus affects lymphocytes, leading to malignant transformations and the formation of tumours in hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Infection can be transmitted horizontally through blood, body fluids, and insects, as well as vertically via colostrum, milk, or during intrauterine development. Once infected, animals remain lifelong carriers, which facilitates the spread of the virus within herds. Proviral BLV DNA has also been detected in milk and meat products, raising concerns about a potential risk to humans. Diagnostic methods for EBL include serological tests (ELISA, AGID) and PCR. In the present study, 43 blood samples were analyzed using ELISA to detect antibodies against BLV. Statistical analysis indicated an approximately normal distribution of the results and confirmed the stability of the laboratory process. Additionally, an Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram was created to identify factors influencing the spread of the disease, and a flowchart was developed to illustrate the laboratory diagnostic protocol for BLV detection. Effective BLV control requires strict biosecurity measures, regular monitoring, and segregation of infected animals. This summary integrates current knowledge on the epidemiology, diagnosis, control, and prevention of EBL, providing practical guidance for veterinary professionals.

In this work we study numerically, by means of Particle-in-Cell simulations, the formation of non-radiating configurations in a plasma, arising from the ionization of atomic gases by intense laser pulse Our simulation show that, after the release of a short terahertz pulse, a nearly non-radiating field and current configuration is formed, even though the charge and current distributions of plasma remain essentially time-dependent. In a plasma target emitting terahertz waves, such a non-radiating state is formed under the action of radiation. Our calculations suggest that formation of a non-radiating configuration occurs in a self-consistent way and can therefore affect the duration of the emitted terahertz pulse.

The article presents a technology of carbon plastics producing based on polyamide-6 with the incorporation of PMS-400 grade lubricant into the material structure. A brief review of the results of carbon plastic applications in engineering is provided. The research methodology and initial parameters are outlined. The experiments were carried out using a single-screw extruder EKG-45, modernized to produce the carbon plastics. As the object of the study, a laboratory-produced carbon plastic СPA-6-20 was used. This material is a carbon plastic based on polyamide-6 reinforced with 20 wt.% carbon fiber. Experimental results established that the optimal screw rotation speed of the EKG-45 extruder is 90 min⁻ ¹. Under this processing mode, the compressive yield stress increased by 4%, while the impact toughness rose by 4.5%. At this stage of the research, mechanical strength properties were considered, as the most critical for applications in heavily loaded components of moving joints. The investigations carried out at the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University.

One of the promising areas of modern chemical science is the production of polymer composite materials modified with fillers of various compositions, as well as testing and quality control of such products. Based on this trend, scientific research was conducted to obtain composite materials filled with fillers with a number of excellent properties. Thus, composites containing natural mineral rocks and polyolefins characteristic of the Karabakh region were obtained with different ratios of components and their properties were studied. In addition, the article prepares and presents an overview of a number of scientific studies conducted in this direction. The use of fillers with such compositions as modifiers makes research simple and accessible, since they are environmentally friendly and safe, have low financial costs for purchase and acquisition, and also have a high probability of obtaining a higher quality product. The resulting polymer is obtained in a relatively simple way. Natural mineral fillers are mined in a number of the most beautiful places in our country.

In this study, a comparison of methods for connecting a fuel cell stack to a three-phase load was researched. The stack connection via a current source inverter and a voltage source inverter was considered. The study was conducted using simulation modelling in the MatLab/Simulink software. Simulation models of the operation of a fuel cell stack on a three-phase active-inductive load through a current source inverter and a voltage source inverter were created. The harmonic composition of the stack voltage, stack current, and load phase-to-ground voltage curves was studied. Losses in semiconductor converters and inductances were estimated. The influence of the switching frequency of semiconductors on losses in the current source inverter and voltage source inverter was studied.

In this study, an analysis of the results obtained after simulation studies of the synthesized modified algorithm with a priori unknown form of the ultrashort pulses (USPs) reflected from a point target, and when operating in Gaussian noise conditions, has been carried out. Proposals for the boundary conditions for the optimal operation of the algorithm have been made. The Prony method has been used to determine the moment of arrival of the reflected signal and estimate the complex components of the USP amplitude. The study is a continuation of the publication devoted to the synthesis of a modified algorithm for processing a bunch of USP pulses reflected from a oint
target.

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is considered a crucial treatment for Head and Neck cancers for several key reasons related to the complexity of the tumor locations, the proximity to critical structure (organ at risk), and the need for precise dose delivery – distribution. Head and Neck cancer involve areas with highly heterogeneous tissues, which can present significant challenges for traditional radiation therapy techniques. IMRT addresses these challenges by offering highly conformal and precise radiation delivery that targets the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. In the context of IMRT, the mathematical algorithms, AAA (Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm) and Convolution/Superposition part of Monte Carlo Algorithm, are used in different aspects of treatment planning and dose calculation. Both algorithms are designs to compute the dose distribution in the body from radiation beams used IMRT, but they do so in distinct ways, and each has specific, use cases depending on the treatment and patient anatomy. Both algorithms, in IMRT are ultimately concerned with how radiation interacts with matter, specifically hoe energy deposition occurs in tissue as the radiation passes through them. The AAA and C/S algorithm consider tissues heterogeneity, but they model these interactions differently, which affects how they calculate the dose distribution. In our department of radiotherapy, of Amerikan Hospital Tirana we have installed and use both algorithms, in different treatment planning system which are developed by Varian and Elekta production company.

Modern intensification of materials processing technology leads to an increase in the role of non-stationary interconnected exchange processes compared to stationary unconnected interconnected exchange processes compared to stationary unconnected. This fact is still insufficiently reflected in the field of solving energy and mass transfer problems (EMT) at small Fourier numbers (Fourier numbers ≤0.1) at short-term phase contact (SPC). In this article, a generalized mathematical model of interconnected non-stationary irregular energy and mass transfer mode at short-term contact across a boundary with selective permeability of phases is formalized. In vector-matrix form, a conjugate mixed boundary value problem is solved with excitation in each of the phases of flows of substances absent in the other phase. By analogy with heat exchange and mass exchange, matrices of potential assimilation of phases and a contact matrix are introduced, which allows obtaining a uniform solution for a number of special cases and especially simplified the entry for the vector of interphase flow densities. The mathematical notation of the solutions of the considered parabolic system of partial differential equations of the second order for intensive irreversible processes (Fourier numbers ≤0.1) are written in vector-matrix form and are close to the scalar Higbee theory for mass transfer.