Science. Business. Society.
Vol. 3 (2018), Issue 4

Table of Contents

  • SCIENCE

    • THEORY OF PROJECT PREPARATION OF AGROENGINEERS ON THE BASIS OF SCIENTIFIC WORK ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

      pg(s) 145-149

      The conducted scientific researches on the theory of project preparation of agroengineers are based on scientific research on agricultural engineering which were based on regulatory documents, including the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”, which states that the educational process is an intellectual, educational and scientific activity, which is being carried out in institutions of higher education through a system of scientific and methodological and pedagogical activities. The study of the influence of cross-cutting, scientifically substantiated sequencing and step-by-step pedagogical technology of training on the formation of readiness for future activities of future specialists in agroengineering was conducted. In a scientifically substantiated system of cross-cutting design of technical means of mechanization, the key stage is the implementation of a professionally relevant for agroengineer coursework on agricultural machines, which students perform at the 3rd year of study at the university. In these scientific studies, the readiness of a future specialist in agroengineering to design and research activities was assessed by motivational-value, cognitive-educational and activity-practical criteria.

    • EFFECTS OF TILLAGE METHODS ON WEEDS DENSITY IN CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) PRODUCTION

      pg(s) 150-152

      The objective of this work was to measure the effects of different tillage methods on weeds population in second crop corn. The field experiment was conducted at the research area of Dicle University in 2014, Diyarbakır province, southeastern part of Turkey. The treatment was lay out at the randomized complete blocks design with three times replication. In this study, different six tillage method were applied (one conventional tillage (CT) – four conservation tillage (RT) and no-till (NT)). According to results, there were found significant difference among treatments. The lowest values of weeds were recorded in the CT, while the highest values of weeds were noted in RT1and NT tillage methods. There was found more density the speices of Xanthium strumarium subsp., Solanum nigrum L., Euphorbia helioscopia L., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. than other weed species .As a result, we can consider reduce tillage methods for mechanical weed control for corn production.

    • MULTIVARIATE ANALYZING AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PREDICTION OF PROTEIN CONTENT IN WINTER WHEAT USING SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS

      pg(s) 153-157

      This study aimed to predict the protein content(PC) and canopy spectra in winter wheat were measured based on field test. Key spectral bands were chosen by principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the predicted models were built by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The performance of the feed forward and cascade forward ANNs was compared with those of PLS regression models using root mean square error (R) and the correlation coefficient (2). The finest consequence by CFBP was related to topology of 8-8-1 with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, threshold function of TANSIG-TANSIG-PURELIN and the initial strategy. This arrangement output was R=0.0289 and 2=0.9881 at 14 epochs. The consequences of estimate for correlation values of PLSR model was 0.9783. The results of prediction for the two models were in order of ANN > PLSR with correlation values of 0.9881 and 0.9783, respectively. Therefore, NIRS shows the potential for predicting protein content with accuracies suitable for process control.

    • SEED PROTECTION DURING EARLY SOWING

      pg(s) 158-162

      Present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using water-soluble polymers as a protective coating and rate of influence of additional seed coat on the germination and emergence of seeds. There have been conducted series of experiments using aqueous solutions of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol at a concentration of 0.1 and 0, 05% for the preparation of polymeric coatings of varying thickness. The research have been performed in laboratory and field conditions. There have been reported values for air and soil temperature, soil humidity and precipitation during the investigation period as major factors affecting seed germination.

  • BUSINESS

    • JUSTIFICATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO RATIONAL USE OF STRAW AND PLANT RESIDUES

      pg(s) 165-168

      In the paper, the current situation in the production of crop growing by-products in Ukraine is examined. The potential output of crop growing by-products in various regions of Ukraine, part of which could be allocated for energy production, is determined. The fuel properties of the main types of biomass are presented. The state-of-the-art approaches to the use of straw and plant residues in agriculture are analysed. The possible ways of utilising straw and plant residues in crop growing for maintaining and regenerating the fertility of soils, in livestock husbandry as bedding and a supplement to coarse fodders and in heat power industry as an energy source for the production of thermal power are established. The state-of-the-art technologies and machinery for the rational use of straw and plant residues are described. The need for additional research into what plant residues and what quantities of them can be reasonably used for the fertilisation of soils, taking into account the saturation of the crop rotation systems with cereal crops, the limitation of the phytopathogenic load on grain varieties, the development of weeds, the management of the soil’s nitrogen status under different soil and climate conditions.

    • SERVICE CO-OPERATIVES IN UKRAINE: TECHNICAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

      pg(s) 169-170

      The development of agricultural service co-operatives in Ukraine is one of the priority directions of the state agricultural policy. The cooperation of small and medium-sized agricultural producers in the dairy, horticulture, vegetable and grain sectors is the key to not only economic, but also social development of rural areas. Increasing the competitiveness of farmers involves significant investments into infrastructure and technology, while the cooperative model enables farmers to receive high-quality technical and logistic services at affordable prices and with affordable start-up investments.

    • IRRIGATION REGIMES AND YIELD OF BERRIES IN DRIP IRRIGATION CONDITIONS AND WATER DEFICIT

      pg(s) 171-172

      The increasing water deficit requires studies to optimize irrigation regimes and water-saving technologies to achieve economy of irrigation water at an acceptable yield level.
      In order to establish the irrigation regime in the field of “Chelopechene” Experimental Field, Sofia, there have been researches, examining different regimes – from full satisfaction of the daily needs of culture for water to irrigation with reduced by 20% and 40% water application rates.
      On average, over the survey period, the highest yields were obtained with the irrigated wit 100% water applicatipn rate. Reducing the irrigation rate leads to a corresponding reduction in yields and affects the quality of production. The application of regimes of irrigation with reduced iwater applicatipn rates is recommended  only in the case of water deficiency.

  • SOCIETY

    • ESSENSE OF EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

      pg(s) 173-174

      The aim of this article is to describe the general methodology of earthquake early warning systems. The common disaster monitoring system was analyzed, and the construction system of disaster information management system was discussed particularly. This paper addresses traditional views of early warning systems and what is needed to turn them into efficient, people-centred systems.

    • SILENT ROAD CLOTHING. LABORATORY STUDIES

      pg(s) 177-180

      Studies have shown that noise pollution is a very harmful form of pollution for human health and also for labor efficiency. The noise pollution is mainly due to traffic that may be the form of road traffic, rail traffic or air traffic. As the noise pollution, caused by the circulation of vehicles on road clothing, has increased substantially due to the increase of the fleet of vehicles in Romania, I tried at the Road Research Station at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Iaşi to determine the noise produced by road traffic on different types o fbituminous clothing. The goal is to get bituminous clothing that emits as little noise as possible and satisfies the conditions of resistance in exploitation.
      Measurements will be made with special sonometers in different situations, which will give a realistic look at the operating conditions at different vehicle speeds and under certain weather conditions (clear, rain, etc.). After analyzing the noise level of each required embroidery, I will try to develop a mineral skeleton that will represent the base of an asphalt mix. Moreover, the asphalt mix will be as silent as possible and the physico-mechanical and the dynamic characteristics will fit within the limits of the current standards.

    • NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN NATO

      pg(s) 181-184

      The main types of weapons in the nuclear artillery are shown. The main types of used controlled and unmanaged ballistic missiles manufactured mainly in the United States have been explored. It shows the application of ballistic and winged missiles and their role in the theater of warfare.

    • RADIATION PROTECTION TRAINING AT VASIL LEVSKI NMU AND NRU “MOSCOW POWER ENGINEERING INSTITUTE”

      pg(s) 185-187

      The article reviews the main sources of ionizing radiation that are most common in our everyday life. The impact of some radioactive isotopes on the surrounding environment and living nature is shown. The curricula for radiation protection at the two universities are analyzed and the general issues and specificities specific to each specialty are shown.