International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Paper presents exergy efficiency and loss analysis of condensate extraction pump (CEP) and main boiler feed pump (BFP) from a conventional steam power plant. Based on the required measured operating parameters at four different loads, it was observed that an increase in driving power for both pumps follows an increase in power plant cumulative developed power. Both analyzed pumps do not have the highest exergy losses at the highest observed load, as can be usually expected. Main boiler feed pump has the highest exergy efficiency, which is equal to 87.00%, at power plant nominal load, while the highest exergy efficiency of condensate extraction pump (95.77%) was observed at 60% of power plant nominal load. The influence of the ambient temperature on both pumps exergy efficiencies and losses is almost negligible.

Exergy analysis of steam turbine governing valve from a super critical thermal power plant is presented in this paper. Governing valve was analyzed not only at the highest, but also on two partial steam system loads. The lowest valve exergy destruction is 3598 kW and is obtained at the highest steam system load, while at partial loads of 80% and 60% valve exergy destruction is 13550 kW and 21360 kW. Valve exergy efficiency increases with an increase in system load, from 95.58% at 60% of load to 97.87% at 80% of load. At the highest load, valve exergy efficiency is the highest and is 99.57%. Change in valve steam specific entropy increment (difference in steam specific entropy between valve outlet and inlet) can be used as a tool for quick assessment of valve losses change. The ambient temperature influence on governing valve exergy analysis is low, especially in the highest steam system load where the majority of valve operation can be expected.

The paper presents an exergy analysis of condensate low-pressure heating system of a cogeneration power plant, which consists of one heater, one condensate pump and one pressure reduction valve. The entire system is investigated at three different plant loads. Regardless of the plant load, the highest exergy destruction is noted for the condensate heater (between 416.41 kW and 771.46 kW), after which follows pressure reduction valve with exergy destruction between 57.43 kW and 120.61 kW. Exergy destruction of condensate pump is almost negligible at any plant load and therefore condensate pump has the highest exergy efficiency (between 75.86 % and 77.08 %). Exergy efficiency of condensate heater is between 56.13 % and 59.29 %, while pressure reduction valve has the lowest exergy efficiency of all three analyzed system components and is between 36.98 % and 48.42 %.

The exergy analysis of deaerator at three different steam power plant loads is performed in this paper. Also, the influence of the ambient temperature change on deaerator exergy efficiency and losses is analyzed. From the exergy viewpoint, deaerator operation shows the best characteristics at middle and high power plant loads. The lowest deaerator exergy destruction of 363.94 kW and the highest exergy efficiency of 93.27 % will be obtained at middle power plant load and at the ambient temperature of 5 °C. The highest deaerator exergy destruction of 1349.99 kW and the lowest exergy efficiency of 81.83 % will be obtained at low power plant load and at the ambient temperature of 45 °C. Deaerator operation is preferable at the lowest possible ambient temperature, regardless of the current power plant load.

This paper presents an exergy analysis of wet cooling tower at three different loads and in a range of the ambient temperatures. Increase in cooling tower load increases its exergy destruction and simultaneously decreases cooling tower exergy efficiency, while an increase in the ambient temperature causes a decrease in cooling tower exergy destruction and simultaneously decreases its exergy efficiency. The lowest cooling tower exergy destructions (between 1417.54 kW and 2925.65 kW) are obtained at low load. The highest cooling tower exergy efficiencies are calculated at the lowest observed ambient temperature of 5 °C – they amount 64.31 % at low load, 54.80 % at middle load and 53.94 % at high load. The change in ambient temperature for 5 °C resulted with a change in cooling tower exergy efficiency of 4 % or more on average.

The paper presents analysis of heat exchange and fuel consumption in the entire Marine Steam Generator (MSG) with steam reheating and in all of its components. Analysis is performed by using operating parameters from the steam generator exploitation. The highest heat amount transferred from combustion gases is used in the evaporator (48.17 % of the cumulative heat amount transferred in MSG). Proportionally, evaporator uses the highest fuel mass flow of 0.5172 kg/s when compared to other MSG components. In the high-pressure pipeline heat losses amounts 82.64 kW. Cumulative heat transferred from combustion gases to water/steam in all MSG components amounts 42048.47 kW. Cumulative water/steam specific entropy and temperature increase in the entire MSG is 4.5677 kJ/kg·K and 454.18 K, while the fuel mass flow in the entire MSG is equal to 1.0736 kg/s.

The paper presents an exergy analysis of pressure reduction valve mounted in the steam propulsion system on conventional LNG carrier. From exploitation are obtained that the valve pressure and temperature decrease become as higher as steam system load increases. Valve exergy power input and output decreases during the increase in steam system load, mostly because of the steam mass flow decrease. Steam system load increase in exploitation also causes a decrease in valve exergy destruction with a simultaneous decrease in valve exergy efficiency (from 68.42 % to 68.09 %). The ambient temperature variation showed that the valve exergy destruction is the lowest for the lowest observed ambient temperature, in any steam system load. The exergy efficiency of the pressure reduction valve is reverse proportional to valve exergy destruction. An increase in the ambient temperature for 10 °C causes a decrease in analyzed valve exergy efficiency for between 2.5 % and 3 %.

The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine with real open cycle. Gas turbine operates in combined heat and power (CHP) system. Analysis is provided by using measured operating parameters of operating mediums (air and combustion gases) in all required operating points. Cumulative real turbine developed power amounts 78611.63 kW. In the whole gas turbine process, the highest losses occur in combustion chambers during the heat supply process and amounts 13689.24 kW. Turbine power losses are equal to 7976.22 kW, while the turbo-compressor power losses amounts 4774.24 kW. While taking into account all analyzed gas turbine components, the highest efficiency of 90.79% has turbine, followed by combustion chambers which efficiency is equal to 89.01%. Turbo-compressor efficiency amounts 88.59% and the whole gas turbine cycle has efficiency equal to 33.15%.

The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine with real open cycle. Gas turbine operates in combined heat and power (CHP) system. Analysis is provided by using measured operating parameters of operating mediums (air and combustion gases) in all required operating points. Cumulative real turbine developed power amounts 78611.63 kW. In the whole gas turbine process, the highest losses occur in combustion chambers during the heat supply process and amounts 13689.24 kW. Turbine power losses are equal to 7976.22 kW, while the turbo-compressor power losses amounts 4774.24 kW. While taking into account all analyzed gas turbine components, the highest efficiency of 90.79% has turbine, followed by combustion chambers which efficiency is equal to 89.01%. Turbo-compressor efficiency amounts 88.59% and the whole gas turbine cycle has efficiency equal to 33.15%.