International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the impact of kinetics and dynamics of sulphur dioxide (IV) and nitric oxide (II) adsorption from the flue gases on the geometry of a column with a fixed carbon bed. Using the following kinetics equation: pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order, Webber-Morris and Elovich and dynamics Langmuir equation, essential operation parameters for activated carbon made from coconut shell modified by copper have been found. Comparison of two schemes (simultaneous adsorption of SO2 and NO after CO2 adsorption and simultaneous adsorption of SO2, NO and CO2) has been done to determine the adsorption’s time, efficiency and a breakthrough curve. Process scaling has been used to evaluate the chances of adsorption flue gas treatment implementation in industrial production. Bed height has been modelled considering the flow of fuel gases for ½ technical scale and flow of fuel gases for large combustion plants. Match factors values have pointed that the research is more accurate for NOx than SO2 adsorption regardless of the operation scenario. To reduce the height of one column, a battery of columns should be applied, e.g. for NO adsorption in one segment and SO2 adsorption in another segment.

The study is a review of the scientific and applied content of the research carried out over the years on the topic, both worldwide and by the authors. The research is structured in a way that presents the topic in its active development over the years, which substantially proves its permanent relevance. The development of the researches of the spatial transformation of motions, oriented towards the synthesis and analysis of spatial transmissions with innovative characteristics, at this stage and up to the present moment for Bulgaria are realized exclusively at the Institute of Mechanics at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). The content of the researches carried out at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences clearly determines their market orientation and, therefore, their place of development was in the “Centre of competence MIRACle – Mechatronics, Innovation, Robotics, Automation, Clean Technologies” at the Institute of Mechanics. The above said makes it inexplicable the decision of the former management of the institute, in the face of Prof. Vasil Kavardjikov (Director) and Assoc. Detelina Ignatova (Project Manager), to ignore this topic when designing a project for the creation of the Competence Centre.

In the paper is discussed an energy saving effect of implementation at pig-breeding farms the automatic system of distribution the liquid feeds multi-times per day. There is given a mathematical description of the intellectual functions of the operator transferred to the PLC program of the control system. There is quantitatively estimated an energy saving effect of distribution the liquid feeds multi-times per day compared to twice per day.

This study contains main views and scientific principles of its authors, used as a basis for mathematical modeling, oriented to the synthesis of kinematically conjugated spatial (hyperboloid) gear drives.

This study contains main views and scientific principles of its authors, used as a basis for mathematical modeling, oriented to the synthesis of kinematically conjugated spatial (hyperboloid) gear drives.

Nano-level surface processing is becoming increasingly important in the development of modern materials. Laser technology allows to change the processing parameters in a wide range and achieve the desired surface properties – hydrophilic and hydrophobic for various fluids. In such circumstances, the benefit of any researcher would be to provide software that can quickly and visibly see and measure the shape, size and configuration of nano and microstructures to be obtained. It is especially important that the obtained results in the form of 3D graphs allow us to see the evolutionary trends of surface nanostructures and help to decide on changes in the processing parameters. The researcher would be given the opportunity to input a wide variety of parameters – laser wavelength, pulse power, polarization angle, pulse frequency, pulse duration, processing time or number of impulses per coordinate – and the result obtained in a short time would serve to better understand common trends and help to make an informed decision for the actual processing parameters to be used in the experiment.

The study presents a brief description of the type’s software, applicable to the synthesis and design of gear transmissions. The main accent is put on the approach to the computer synthesis, for which the optimization process is carried out by the method of directed search of the optimal variant of a synthesized mechanism. The specific features of the programs, applied by the authors, oriented to the synthesis of spatial gear mechanisms with linear contacting teeth with face meshing (Spiroid and Helicon) are studied in detail.