International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Structural and technological aspects of obtaining and processing functional composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene are considered. It is shown that, due to the peculiarities of the molecular structure of matrix polymers, within the framework of the traditional technological paradigm, prerequisites are created for the implementation of a structural paradox, which manifests itself in a decrease in the parameters of the stress-strain and tribological characteristics of composites with an increase in the degree of filling. Within the framework of the concept of multilevel modification, methodological approaches to the implementation of the energy and technological compliance of components, which reduce the negative impact of the structural paradox, are considered.

The methodological principles for the implementation of the concept of multilevel modification of polymer matrices by components with given energy parameters to obtain nanocomposites with a synergistic com-bination of performance characteristics have been developed.
These principles based on:
– established crystal-chemical prerequisites for the natural and synthetic carbon-, metal- and silicon-containing semi-finished products choice for the directed formation of active nanosized particles with given structural, morphological and energy parameters under optimal technological impact (mechanical and chemical, thermal, laser);
– implementation of the conditions for the energetic compliance of nanomodifiers to the prevailing mechanism for the formation of the optimal structure of polymer, oligomer and blend matrices at various levels of organization – molecular, supramolecular and interphase;
– creating the conditions for the reveal of the prevailing mechanisms of interphase physical and chemical interactions of components with the formation of boundary layers of the optimal structure, which deter-mine the mechanisms of destruction of products from nanocomposites under various operational factors impact;
– achieving the conditions for the synergistic effect of structuring by using a complex of modifiers with a certain combination of parameters of dimensional, geometric and energy characteristics.

The analysis of the mechanisms of implementation of the concept of multilevel modification in materials science and technolog y of polymer nanocomposites is carried out. It has been shown that the mechanisms of structure formation at the molecular, supramolecular and interfacial levels in nanocomposite materials based on industrial polymers of the class of polyamides, polyolefins, fluoropla stics modified by components that implement the nanostate phenomenon are based on:
– the formation of adsorption physical bonds in the boundary surface due to the energy interaction of active centers of nanosized particles with various shapes and components of the surface layer, which change the parameters of the rheological, stress-strain and adhesive characteristics of the composites;
– the demonstration of a structuring action by nanosized particles and components of the surface layer of particles, which mani fests itself in the form of supramolecular and interphase ordering, physical compatibilization and non-chain stabilization, which increase the thermodynamic compatibility of the components of polymer-polymer and polymer-oligomer blends and inhibit thermo-oxidative and destructive processes in composites, causing a non-additive increase of the parameters of their stress-strain, adhesive and tribological characteristics.