International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This publication analyses the regional distribution of students – both entering and graduating, as well as the number and dynamics of educational institutions. This analysis involves reviewing, analysing and interpreting data to understand how students are distributed across different geographical regions. The analysis can provide insights into patterns, trends and disparities in the educational landscape, which can inform policy decisions, resource allocation and planning efforts. It also helps to determine whether certain regions have higher or lower numbers of students, which can be influenced by factors such as population density, infrastructure or local policies.
If certain regions have fewer students, this may indicate problems such as limited access to educational institutions, higher dropout rates or other socio-economic challenges. By comparing data over several years, trends in student distribution, such as population changes or changing educational needs, can be identified. The final step often involves presenting the findings to relevant stakeholders, such as politicians, school administrators, or government agencies.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a chronic viral disease of cattle caused by the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), a member of the genus Deltaretrovirus within the family Retroviridae. The virus affects lymphocytes, leading to malignant transformations and the formation of tumours in hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. Infection can be transmitted horizontally through blood, body fluids, and insects, as well as vertically via colostrum, milk, or during intrauterine development. Once infected, animals remain lifelong carriers, which facilitates the spread of the virus within herds. Proviral BLV DNA has also been detected in milk and meat products, raising concerns about a potential risk to humans. Diagnostic methods for EBL include serological tests (ELISA, AGID) and PCR. In the present study, 43 blood samples were analyzed using ELISA to detect antibodies against BLV. Statistical analysis indicated an approximately normal distribution of the results and confirmed the stability of the laboratory process. Additionally, an Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram was created to identify factors influencing the spread of the disease, and a flowchart was developed to illustrate the laboratory diagnostic protocol for BLV detection. Effective BLV control requires strict biosecurity measures, regular monitoring, and segregation of infected animals. This summary integrates current knowledge on the epidemiology, diagnosis, control, and prevention of EBL, providing practical guidance for veterinary professionals.

Zeolite is widely applied in agriculture due to its high cation-exchange capacity, ability to improve soil fertility, and effectiveness as a slow-release carrier of nutrients. Inaddition, its porous structure allows it to retain and purify water, thereby enhancing soilmoisture balance and reducing nutrient leaching. The present study examines the influence of varying Zeolite concentrations in soil on the germination and subsequent growth dynamics of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Experimental data were subjected to Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Statistical Hypothesis testing in order to evaluate the relationship between Zeolite content and plant growth rate. The findings indicate statistically significant effects of Zeolite percentage on both germination and vegetative development, highlighting the potential of Zeolite as a soil amendment for improving Cucumber cultivation practices.

Grafting is the most effective way of modifying and regulating the properties of natural polysaccharides for the production of highly efficient graft copolymers, which have applications as flocculating agents for the treatment of different wastewaters. An experimental investigation connected with the modification of starch by grafting acrylamide with the application of electron beam irradiat ion is performed. In this paper the implementation of different multi-criteria optimization strategies, solving the problem with the choice between several compromise Pareto-optimal solutions are presented and compared for the process of electron beam grafting of corn starch. The compromise Pareto-optimal solutions are obtained by implementation of genetic algorithm and a set of requirements for the desired reference direction (minimum or maximum) and the constraints of the investigated quality characteristics and their variances under production conditions, which ensure the fulfilment of several goals – economic efficiency, assurance of low toxicity and high copolymer efficiency in flocculation process.

The mechanical properties bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending of a new type plywood for construction, based on black locust wood, have been investigated in relationship with the bonding technological factors. The experimental investigation is based on an optimal composite design with four control factors – temperature, pressure, bonding duration and specific glue consumption. Regression models describing the dependence of bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending on the investigated technological bonding parameters are estimated. The obtained experimental and model-based results are analysed and discussed

Experimental results for the quality of electron beam melting and refining of pyro-refined copper samples are analysed by an empirical model estimation approach. Investigation of the influence of the process parameters – melting power and time of refining on the removal efficiency of specific impurities, overall removal efficiency and material losses is performed.

This work presents experimental and theoretical investigation of exposed and developed negative electron resist AR-N 7520 profiles using electron beam lithography system ZBA23 (Raith) at variation of the exposure doses and pre-defined exposure pattern. Several overall geometry quality criteria for the shape of the developed resist profile cross-sections are defined. Empirical models are estimated for the dependence of overall geometry characteristics of the obtained resist profiles on the exposure dose. These overall quality characteristics are used for defining of technological requirements for the formed profiles and for obtaining optimal regimes by multicriterial optimization.

The electron beam technological processes like electron beam welding, electron beam additive technologies, etc. depend strongly on the characteristics of the electron beam, generated by the electron gun. In this work the estimation of the 3D radial current density distribution using training, testing and validation of different artificial neural networks is considered. The model estimation is based on experimental measurements of the electron beam current distribution in three cross-sections of the beam at different distances from the magnetic lens of the electron gun. The estimated neural models with different structures are compared. Graphical user interface for the evaluation of the radial electron beam distribution in any cross-sections of the beam is developed.

The Smart Homes come rapidly into our everyday lives bringing comfort, security, help and many other benefits. The development of Information and Communication Technology and the advances in the applications based on Internet of Things emerged the appearing of more and more Smart Home solutions. The Smart Home System should implement default or custom integrated functions and intelligent self-adaptive methodology, based on the analysis of the habits, requirements and preferences of its inhabitants.
In this paper the authors consider the development of Android and Wi-Fi based remote control Smart Home System, which integrates the analysis of the survey of the everyday habits of the people. An analysis of habits of 64 surveyed people was made. The results can be taken into account during the process of defining the default integrated functions at the stage of designing a Smart Home. The presence, absence or approaching certain location by the people are included as elements of the Smart Home System.

The rheological non-destructive oscillation testing is conducted in order to predict and quantify the samples’ properties of the commercial brand lipstick. The influence of the variation of the process parameters temperature, phase angle and strain are investigated. Regression models for the dependencies of the rheological and thermal properties (elastic modulus and shear stress) from the described process parameters are estimated, based on 681 experimental data in the temperature region from 26.9 °C to 74.7 °C.

An experimental study of the geometrical characteristics of the cross sections of the thermally affected areas obtained by electron beam welding of carbon steel 45 is made. The thermally affected zone and the molten area of the welds from non-stainless steels corresponds to a zone where the physical-mechanical properties and the microstructure of the processed material are changed after the processing. The process parameters that were changed during the experiments are: welding speeds were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm/sec, the beam current was changed in the range of 30 – 133 mA and the focus position was changed from 72 mm above the sample surface to 62 mm below the sample surface. The accelerating beam voltage was 50 kV. The geometry of the weld in the cases of a deep penetrating electron beam and narrow thermally affected zone is investigated. Electron beam welding process parameter optimization is performed, based on the estimation of regression models. In such way the electron beam optical systems can be tested and the specific quality requirements for the welds obtained by electron beam welding can be fulfilled