International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The increasing demand for local products is forcing farmers to expand their production, which also increases the waste generated by the animal husbandry process. The utilization of organic waste from livestock farms is a serious task for farmers, and they need to look for alternative methods of treatment. In this paper, we consider the possibility of applying sludge from a pigs farm for fattening. Samples of dried to room humidity sludge taken from a pig manure metal lagoon were examined. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the prospect of sludge as an alternative fuel for the pig farm. A thermogravimetric (TD) and differential thermal (DTG) analysis method was used to investigate the sediment. These methods of analysis were used because of the wide range of information provided and the possibility of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The types of phase transitions in the processes of heating and cooling, the temperature interval, the time for their flow and the amount of heat absorbed or released are investigated

The relevance of the matter is confirmed by numerous researches of the alternate engine fuel, in particular, from the renewable sources of raw materials (biomass) studied in various regions of the Russian Federation and abroad. For obtaining diesel composite fuel as raw materials are attractive oil crops which are not used in the food industry, for example, carthamus, false flax, colza, winter cress, crambe and castor-oil plant.
At the moment the need for the ricinic oil used in military, chemical, machine-building, radio-electronic, printing, paint and varnish, medical, cosmetic and other industries in the Russian Federation grows. As a result of processing of a castor-oil plant fruits by cold press in residual meal or pod there are about 10% of oil which is possible for allocating by processing of meal on technology of extraction with receiving technical ricinic oil with a possibility of application as raw materials for receiving paint and varnish, lubricants and diesel composite fuel.
However viscosity of ricinic oil is 10 times more, than at diesel gas oil therefore it is necessary to apply in mix with low-viscosity components. As additive to ricinic oil can be used mineral oil fuel and bioethanol due to which mixture viscosity considerably decreases, cloud point and crystallizations temperature decreases. [8]
As diesel composite fuel is investigated mixture of ricinic oil (RicO), and summer diesel gas oil according to National State Standard 305-2013. On the basis of the carried-out calculation are defined indexes of a working cycle, dependences on concentration of components of blenderized fuel are shown.
On the basis of the calculation, are determined the working cycle indexes, are shown the dependences on the concentration of the components of the composite fuel. Based on the results of the calculation, the obtained indicators were compared with diesel gas oil.

In connection with the observed dynamism of changes on the energy market regarding generation of energy from sources other than coal, more attention was paid to the use of "clean", low-emission technologies. Bearing in mind the need to search new, alternative energy sources, the aim of the study was to investigate and analyze the properties of grain biomass, such as rice and corn, as a fuel. To achieve the goal, the research problem has been formulated: how the fragmentation degree and the type of biomass affects such energy properties as heating value and heat of combustion. To resolve the problem, the properties of white rice, black rice, red rice and corn before and after grinding were analysed. The results show that white rice has the biggest value of heat of combustion before grinding, red rice – the lowest. White rice has the biggest heating value for whole grain, red rice – the lowest. The research allows to state that grinding operations result in increasing energetic properties of biomass. It can be also assumed that biomass is a good substitute of fossil fuel.

The growth rates vehicles pose a significant threat to the physical and chemical status of the atmosphere and negatively impact on human health and viability of other living organisms. The ecological status of airspace in the cities of the modern world, is determined by numerous factors, among which the leading position is taken by motor vehicles, during operation of which, along with the exhaust gases, more than 200 chemical compounds are emitted into the atmosphere.

The paper describes the results of studies of motor vehicles on highways adjacent to the territory of Kutaisi, from ecological standpoint.

As a realistic way for solving the problems would be the use of alternative fuels, rational organization and management of traffic flow, and the large-scale introduction of electric cars and hybrid motor vehicles.

One of the primary incentives for expanding the production and use of biofuels worldwide is the potential environmental benefit that can be obtained from replacing petroleum fuels with fuels derived from renewable biomass resources. The use of straight vegetable oil in diesel engines is one of the available alternatives, but its use in existing vehicles usually requires modification of engine or fuel system components. The increased viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold flow properties of vegetable oils lead to severe engine deposits, injector coking, and piston ring sticking. The paper presents a literature review on vegetable oils as alternative fuel for diesel engines.