International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The object of the study was carbon particles obtained by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The purpose of the work is the development of compositions and technologies for obtaining competitive composite materials modified with low-dimensional carbon modifiers based on vegetable raw materials.

The paper is focused on composite materials with a polymer thermosetting matrix reinforced with long (continuous) fibers. These materials offer their specific properties that can be used in various areas of industry. From this point of view, polymer mat rix composites are, due to their mechanical properties and low weight, the most promising material for use in various application solutions. However, their disadvantage is the high price, which is higher than the price of conventionally used materials. The method of production of components from composite materials itself requires precisely specified technological procedures, which differs slightly from the traditionally used methods of component production, e.g. of metal materials.

The development and study of the composite magnetic soft material, the magnetic properties of which are close to the laminated metal magnets and the remagnetization losses is lower than that one of metal magnets is very relevant. The study of magnetic properties and magnitude of losses on the remagnetization of the developed low-frequency composite magnetically soft material, comprising separate iron 20 ÷ 100 mkm particles, covered by insulating layers (films) with thickness 3 ÷ 10 nm, in comparison with similar parameters of electrical steel 3412 (E320) was performed in this work.

The effect of the initial structure of the fillers on the structure formation of the dissolution-and-diffusion type interfaces in macroheterogeneous composite coatings with a metal binder has been investigated. It has been shown that by combining phases in the filler structure, which differ in resistance to molten binder during infiltration, it is possible to attain an increased resistance of composite coatings to dry friction, abrasive, gas abrasive, and corrosion wear. The compositions of composite coatings to strengthen the surface of the parts of machine-building industry have been recommended.

Investigated the mechanisms of interfacial interactions in composite materials based on thermoplastic matrices modified with dispersed particles of silicon and carbon-containing compounds with high energy activity. It was found that the laser treatment of particulate and fibrous particles occurs comprehensive modification of the surface layer, which consists in shaping the development of the morphology of the surface layer and increase its energy. For the modification of thermoplastic matrix including high-viscosity (polyamides, PTFE) prospectively the use of dispersed fragments of carbon fiber (CF) fraction 50-150 microns, subjected to the effects of a short pulse laser, having developed the morphology of the surface layer and the presence of defects through thermal degradation. When using this modifier in an amount of 5-30 wt.% for filling PA6, PA66, PTFE provides increased of parameters deformation and strength characteristics due to the increased mechanical component adhesive interaction at the interface of "matrix-filler". An additional effect is realized in the processing of the surface layer of CF fluoride compounds oligomeric or polymer-oligomeric structure. The modified fluorinated hydrocarbon components fragments CF when laser pulse processing are exposed to the active low molecular weight products ablation, so that the surface layers are formed with a high affinity to the matrix polytetrafluoroethylene. The complex method of modifying CF is effective for highly filled fluoro composites containing 25-35 wt.% of carbon fillers due to the decrease in the probability of formation of cluster structures of the filler particles. Dispersed particles silicate (clay, tripoli, talc) and carbon (graphite, carbon black, shungite) when exposed to laser radiation susceptible to degradation with the formation of nanoscale fragments in a moving layer, thus increasing their activity in the processes of the interfacial interaction in the formation of composites based on oligomeric and polymeric matrices.

There were studied features of the structure of composite materials on the basis of recycled thermoplastic (HDPE, LDPE, PP) modified by components of different composition and dispersion. It was established the hardening effect of the matrix of the composite with the introduction of the highly oriented fragments that preserve the structure after the completion of the technological cycle of manufacturing products by injection molding or extrusion. It was proposed the technology of thermo-mechanical combining of thermoplastic components while simultaneous modifying by components of different composition and structure. When modification of fluorinated nanoparticles ablation products is provided the effect of increasing the rate of extrusion and formation of hydrophobized surface layer of products. Nanoscale silicate modifiers (clay, tripoli, metals phosphates and oxides,) contribute to the thermodynamic compatibility of the matrix and the modifier polymer due to formation of a spatial network of physical binds in the volume of the composite. The obtaining technologies for products based on recycled composites that the parameters of deformation strength and tribological characteristics are not inferior to raw materials, but have a significantly lower cost of production.