Machines. Technologies. Materials. Vol. 15 (2021), Issue 4

MACHINES
- Development of innovative smart industrial dishwasher prototype that reduces water and detergent consumption in the washing process according to variable dishwasher capacity and types
  pg(s) 132-134
  Industrial dishwashers, which are widely used in the field of an industrial kitchen, are among the indispensable products. It stands out with its efforts to reduce water and detergent consumption in industrial dishwashers, and the consumers’ preference for these products is increasing. Our company produces industrial dishwashers in various models and capacities. Unlike our existing products and our competitors’ products, the washing area and the products to be washed are technically detected by the users in R&D studies. An innovative prototype has been designed and developed that contributes to the reduction of detergent consumption. In the industrial kitchen sector, for the first time in our country, variable dish capacity (providing washing specific to various filling capacities) with an innovative smart technology (providing washing only in the filled section with the detection system) that reduces water and detergent consumption in the washing process according to their types (glass/plate, spoon/fork, etc.) is applied to the industrial dishwashers. It has been ensured that the industrial dishwasher prototype is obtained with several new and innovative features compared to the original and existing industrial dishwashers reducing water and detergent consumption. R&D studies have been made by using engineering calculations, simulations, and experiments in cooperation with industry-universities.
- Development of mechanism and machine mechanics in Belarus and interaction with Bulgarian scientific and engineering centers and associations part 2. Input of Belarusian scientists in mechanism and machine mechanics and interaction with Bulgarian scientific centers and BAPT
  pg(s) 135-139
  This part of the paper devoted to the development of mechanism and machine mechanics in Belarus and cooperation with Bulgarian official and public organizations (see the first part of the paper). Successively the input in mechanism and machine terminology, standardization (elaboration of complex of standards on reliability, tribo-fatigue, gear failure modes etc.), quality management (system, techniques and tools, quality factors of machines and their components, methods of designing gear manufacturing processes etc.) are covered. It is considered informational support above mentioned topic through the edition of scientific journals; participation of Belorussian and Bulgarian scientist and engineers in international conferences, provided by one or other parties, as well as third one; interaction between scientific institutions.
TECHNOLOGIES
- Change of load-bearing capacity of adhesive joints of unequal materials after climatic test
  pg(s) 140-143
  The paper provides an overview of the load-bearing capacity of joints of the same and unequal thin steel sheets formed on different pretreated surfaces by adhesive bonding. Four types of surface preparation and rubber-based adhesive were tested. The joints were subjected to a climatic test according to VW: PV1200. The change in the load-bearing capacity of the joints was evaluated on the basis of the force at the joint failure, the type of failure and on the basis of the load to displacement ratio.
- Conditioning and etching of the surface of printed circuit boards holes prior to metallization
  pg(s) 144-145
  This work is devoted to the study of solutions for the stages of cleaning-conditioning and micro-etching before chemical copper plating of printed circuit board (PCB) holes. It has been shown that in the presence of a quaternary amine in the conditionin g solution, the negatively charged initial surface of the PCB holes is recharged. This, apparently, promotes the subsequent electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged colloidal particles of palladium activator in the holes of the PCB. It was revealed that the presence of copper ions in the micro-etching solution leads to an increase in the surface roughness, which contributes to an increase in the adhesion strength of the resulting metal layer to the dielectric.
- Trends in the diagnostic of metal surfaces micro-geometry
  pg(s) 146-148
  Surface quality and its evaluation is currently a very important part of surface preparation for all types of technologies involved in surface formation. Knowledge of the new surface formation mechanism is of great importance from the point of view of production, because it allows to understand the nature and properties of the newly created surface and thus gives the opportunity to both improve the processes used and create a smooth process. surfaces. Therefore, any changes that occur in the surface layer of the component can be considered as changes in the surface quality. The paper deals with the expansion of current knowledge in the evaluation of metal surfaces microgeometry in terms of current trends.
- Analysis of downcomers influence on suspension structure of steam boiler
  pg(s) 149-152
  Industrial growth depends significantly on energy supply. Nearly every industry that uses a significant amount of power uses steam and steam generators. Using boilers fired with pulverized coal and steam turbines operating on the Rankine cycle generates ab out 40% of the world’s power. There are few types of boilers including Fire-Tube, Water-Tube, and Waste-Heat. This paper will analyze the suspension structure of Water-Tube boilers welds, the critical section on hooks, the stress in tube wall, and equivalent stress distribution on buckstays under the influence of vacuum and overpressure. For analysis are used two methods, described in this paper. Both methods require numerical solutions of given geometry and loads. Because of the large number of finite elements, a tube wall is approximated by an equivalent orthotropic plate with equal elastic properties as a tube wall.
- Process flow problems and perspectives upon radioactive metal waste processing
  - Ilian Atanasov
  - Stoil Todorov
  pg(s) 153-154
  In the process of decommissioning of nuclear power facilities large metal waste quantities are generated which have to be processed in an appropriate manner. An optimal approach, adopted in a world-wide scale, is their meltdown at the final stage of treatment. Depending on the residual radioactive contamination, metal obtained thereafter may be directed for application in the industries, without limitations, or used on restricted purposes (production of radioactive waste containers, bio-protection means, etc.).
MATERIALS
- Technological regulation for creating a ceramic target from BaTiO3 gel powders doped with Sn. Temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity
  pg(s) 155-157
  The research is aimed at creating a target from Sn doped barium-titanate ceramics. A technological regulation for the preparation of test bodies from a material synthesized by a low-temperature sol-gel method has been developed. The physicochemical parameters of the samples were determined and the temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity was monitored. Physicochemical characterization of the samples was performed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preparation of pure BaTiO3 cubic phase was established. The dielectric permittivity of Sn doped barium-titanate possesses a maximum value of 45000 at a Curie temperature- Tc 40oC.
- Multi-scale mathematical and mathematical-physical experiment in material science – foundry
  - Stefan Bushev
  pg(s) 158-169
  Multiscale mathematical modelling requires cross-cutting work with all areas of mathematics. The simplest proof is the mathematical experiment. An example is the finite element method, which is already used in quantum mechanics. The presented results are interesting for us, such as the 3D printer application and epitaxy.Numerical experiments for micron-sized hardening are shown.

International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Machines. Technologies. Materials.
Vol. 15 (2021), Issue 4

Table of Contents

MACHINES

Development of innovative smart industrial dishwasher prototype that reduces water and detergent consumption in the washing process according to variable dishwasher capacity and types

Development of mechanism and machine mechanics in Belarus and interaction with Bulgarian scientific and engineering centers and associations part 2. Input of Belarusian scientists in mechanism and machine mechanics and interaction with Bulgarian scientific centers and BAPT

TECHNOLOGIES

Change of load-bearing capacity of adhesive joints of unequal materials after climatic test

Conditioning and etching of the surface of printed circuit boards holes prior to metallization

Trends in the diagnostic of metal surfaces micro-geometry

Analysis of downcomers influence on suspension structure of steam boiler

Process flow problems and perspectives upon radioactive metal waste processing

MATERIALS

Technological regulation for creating a ceramic target from BaTiO3 gel powders doped with Sn. Temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity

Multi-scale mathematical and mathematical-physical experiment in material science – foundry