Mechanization in agriculture & Conserving of the resources
Vol. 67 (2023), Issue 2

Table of Contents

  • MECHANIZATION IN AGRICULTURE

    • Application of the methods of theories of similarity and planning of multifactorial experiments to study the hardness of iron-nickel coatings

      pg(s) 37-39

      The hardness of iron-nickel coatings during the restoration of worn parts is an important factor determining the service life of machines. This mechanical property depends on many factors, the simultaneous influence of which cannot be taken into account in conventional experiments. Therefore, we have made an attempt to simultaneously use the complex methods of similarity theories and planning multifactorial experiments to study the hardness of iron-nickel coatings. The composition of the electrolyte was obtained by us with a copyright certificate for the invention No. 700568, Moscow, 1989, Katsitadze J.V.,. Kikabidze D . N . “Electrolyte for obtaining plated iron-nickel alloy”. This approach to the issue allows taking into account the simultaneous influence of a large number of factors on the optimization parameter, obtaining reliable and reasonable results in the form of regression equations, optimizing the process of restoring machine parts with an iron-nickel electrolytic alloy and generalizing the results obtained.
      In the article, the influence of technological similarity criteria on the hardness of iron-nickel coatings is explored, the response function is obtained depending on the dimensionless similarity criteria and the corresponding mathematical model is used to carry out targeted experiments according to the Box-Benkin plan. As a result of mathematical processing of the obtained data, an adequate regression equation was derived, according to which the optimal electrolyte composition and electrolysis conditions have been

    • Experimental study of operation quality of a root head cleaner with rubber blades

      pg(s) 40-43

      Modern technologies for harvesting sugar beet tops provide for the so-called two-stage cut, when the main continuous cutting is first carried out from the heads of root crops, as a rule, by rotary top-cutting mechanisms and subsequent cleaning or trimming of the heads of root crops from the remains of tops on the vine. It is this haulm harvesting technology that provides the highest quality continuous cutting and collection of green mass, which can be used as feed for livestock or as a raw material for biogas production and cleaning of root crop heads from haulm residues, eliminating the loss of sugar-bearing mass. We have developed a new design of the head cleaner from the remnants of the tops, the production tests of which showed good results. Such a cleaner of heads of root crops consists of two drive horizontal shafts, on which cleaning elastic blades are hinged in the radial direction. At the same time, the shafts, as it were, wrap around each row of root crops and the blades, applying elastic blows to the heads from two opposite sides, effectively clean the spherical surfaces of the heads of sugar beet root crops from the remains of tops. A new experimental setup was also created, which makes it possible to simulate the operation of this cleaner in the field and conduct its experimental studies. We have developed a program and methodology for conducting a field multifactorial experiment for this cleaner of heads of sugar beet root crops from the remains of tops on the vine, to determine the quality indicators of its work. The obtained results of the research, processed using a PC, showed that improving the quality of the technological process of cleaning the heads of sugar beet roots from the remains of tops by a cleaner with two drive horizontal shafts can be achieved by increasing the angular velocity of the drive shafts of the cleaner and reducing the installation height of the blades above the soil surface by small its forward speed. Based on the analysis of the obtained functional and graphical dependencies, it has been established that the rational values of the operating modes of the studied sugar beet root heads cleaner from haulm residues, in which the most high-quality work will be carried out to remove haulm residues from the spherical surfaces of root crop heads, are: 1) the speed of the progressive movement of the cleaner – 1.5…2.5 m∙s^–1; 2) angular speed of rotation of drive shafts – 55…80 rad∙s^–1; 3) installation height of the blades of the cleaner above the level of the soil surface – 0…2.5 cm

    • Structural design of the manipulator of the rotary valve for bulk materials – calculation of loads acting on individual wheels and analysis of resistances against motion

      pg(s) 44-50

      The paper is a continuation of research dealing with the structural design of the manipulator of the bulk material rotary valve based on the specifications of a food company. This issue is currently immensely topical for reasons such as increasing safety, speed, or efficiency of work. In the previous publication, the authors focused on determining the position of the center of gravity of the rotary valve due to the fact that this essential data is not provided by its manufacturer. Accordingly, the present work attends to the design of the steel structure of the trolley and the path along which the trolley in conjunction with rotary valve will move. The structural design is analyzed in the paper by means of analytical functional and dimensional calculations. On the basis of the parameters of the calculated centers of gravity of the individual components of the structure, the reactions from the track on which trolley travels to the weight transmitted by the prismatic wheels of the trolley were determined. The loads were calculated in transverse and longitudinal directions. In addition, reactions from the individual wheels were determined for the case, when the rotor valve is in a position with the rotor retracted (operating position). The achieved results demonstrate that the least favorable case for the stresses on the track travel of trolley occurs in the case with the rotor retracted. Furthermore, the calculation of the loads acting on the track beam in the most unfavorable position of the trolley was performed. Moreover, the resistive forces acting on the trolley were analyzed. The results indicate that the use of this mechanism will be feasible in operation.

    • The effect of plow modification on drawbar power requirement during ploughing and subsoil penetration resistance

      pg(s) 51-55

      This study attempts to address the problem of excessive soil compaction in the subsoil layer caused by the movement and operation of agricultural machinery by modifying the plough design to combine two operations with high energy requirements, ploughing and subsoiling. The aim of this study was to modify and develop the design of the share plough by adding an additional frame (heavy-duty tines) on which the mounted working elements operate below the ploughing layer immediately after the wheel travels on the bottom of the furrow and behind the first and the second plough bodies, using different tines settings (depth and type), at different speeds, to loosen the effect of the wheel travel before it is buried by the soil that cuts during the ploughing operation. The effect of the plough modification was to destroy the plow pan, leading to a decrease in the penetration resistance of the soil in the subsoil layer.

    • Current problems of walnuts growing technology

      pg(s) 56-59

      The article identifies the main current problems of walnut cultivation technology and analyzes of existing technologies and machines for harvesting fruits, including nut crops.
      As a result of the research, the main directions for improving the technology of growing walnuts by improving the technological and technical parameters of the design of machines and equipment for harvesting walnuts were proposed and hypotheses were put forward for their improvement, in particular, a machine equipped with a bar for shaking fruits and a catcher, which is designed to collect fruits and partial destruction of the green pericarp of the walnut fruit.

    • Methodical approach to determine the gamma-percentage resource of aggregates and units of forklift trucks

      pg(s) 60-63

      Increasing the efficiency of machine usage for transport services in agricultural holdings can be achieved by creating stocks of aggregates and units in company warehouses based on a predetermined gamma-percentage of available resources.
      This study proposes a methodical approach to determine the 80% of gamma-percentage resource for forklift elements, considering both known and unknown distribution laws for their resources. It includes truncated and repeatedly truncated samples.
      The results obtained from this study can be utilized for planning purposes and establishing stock levels to ensure the operational readiness of
      Bulgarian forklifts.

  • CONSERVING OF THE RESOURCES

    • Measurement of vertical soil compaction after barley harvesting

      pg(s) 64-66

      In Serbia, there are about 400.000 hectares of heavy mechanical composition soil and over 100.000 hectares of soil damaged in various ways. Every year, with different degradation processes, new 1.000 hectares of soil are damaged. From the aspect of physical properties, soil compaction represents a serious problem that leads to changes in physical-mechanical and water-air properties and is one of the main factors of soil degradation. This paper presents the technique of measuring soil compaction on experimental field of 1 hectare using a hand-held penetrometer on operating depth 25cm, along with the geographic location of the sampling points. The data obtained in this research, the method of collecting, processing and displaying that data suggested certain shortcomings of the application of this method for testing soil resistance, as well as the need for a procedure for measuring soil resistance using a continuous method.

    • Climate change impact on economical efficiency of leguminous crops production and perspectives in Kazakhstan

      pg(s) 67-70

      In this article, the authors consider the main aspects of climate change`s impact on economical efficiency of leguminous crops production and perspectives in Kazakhstan. It is worth noting that climate change has an impact on the instability of leguminous crops and leads to a decrease in the production efficiency. Ultimately, all of the above determines the relevance and significance of this topic.

    • Characterization and evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris l.) Accessions stored in the Albanian genetic bank

      pg(s) 71-75

      Albanian farmers have and continue to cultivate farmer’s bean cultivars because they are adapted to the country’s conditions and to the cultivation practice of the farmer who uses low levels of chemical fertilizers in beans. But, in the current conditions, the landraces are at risk of genetic erosion due to socio-economic changes. Therefore, our concern and obligation is to preserve the common bean farmer’s cultivars, not only to be cultivated but also to be used in genetic improvement programs. This was the aim of this study through which to know the genetic variation of the farmer’s cultivars in order to increase the effectiveness of the genetic improvement programs of this plant of great value to the people. In the study, 40 accessions (farmer’s cultivars) collected in the northeastern and eastern areas of Albania and stored in the Albanian Genetic Bank were taken.