International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

This article deals with the study of the cavity of ceramic constructional elements for the construction of beehives and carriers for electric furnace heaters. Unlike the traditional practice of performing tomography studies to determine the structure and harmful defects in the interior and surface of specimens, in the present studies, the non-destructive non-contact method is used to assess the nature and volume of deliberate fulfilled cavities in ceramic specimens. The role of well-shaped and regulated cavities is to reduce the coefficient of thermal conductivity in the hives to the inside, and in the carriers for heaters to the outer walls of the furnace, i.e. heat loss. The cavity samples are obtained from an aqueous dispersed colloidal system based on patent-protected quartz glass-ceramics by the “pouring” method. The obtained structural details are fireproof, thermally stable and with high physical and mechanical characteristics. They are composed of amorphous SiO2, mullite and cristobalite. The study of the cavity at different beam depths was performed using a NIKON XTH 225 device, and the data processing Volume Graphic, My VGL.

In the presented paper is examined the need for digitalization of cultural and historical sites. Approaches for 3D digitalization by using 3D scanners and photogrammetry are presented. A 3D printing of digitalized objects is accomplished. The photogrammetry method is examined and used as a possible solution for the digitalization and creation of 3D models. The models can be explored by visually impaired people. A monument from the Cultural and Historical site of Bulgaria is 3D digitalized and 3D printed by using a drone, photogrammetry software, and 3D printer.

This paper discusses the programming and control of a multi-cycle tape machine. Part of the electrical equipment is also presented. The program code in the language “Lader diagram” is selected and the input-output diagram is described. “Lader diagram” is a programming language designed to resemble an electrical circuit. Due to this fact, it has a great advantage over other programming languages, because electrical logic is easy and simple to present. Most of the programs in discrete automation are created on the “Lader Diagram” due to the simple operation and easy maintenance. The description and the cyclical approach of each executive body and automatic mode of operation are presented.

This article analyses the widths and thicknesses of the test specimen after operating the punch before sharpening the guillotine blades. The principle of operation of a 3D computer tomograph with an accuracy of 3μm is considered. The analysis will be performed in two ways: by using a micrometer and a caliper and by using a 3D computed tomography for determining the width and thickness

In the present article, a comparative analysis of the widths and thicknesses of a test specimen prepared by punching a hydraulic press before and after sharpening the guillotine blades is made. The types of characteristics of the punch are considered. The comparative analysis was performed by a non-destructive method using a 3D computed tomography.