Industry 4.0
Vol. 9 (2024), Issue 2

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Expanding the Capabilities of Data Transmission Technology to Improve the Efficiency of Multi-Channel Communication Systems

      pg(s) 48-51

      The article, been a continuation of previous studies, proposes and analyzes one of the ways to increase the efficiency of multichannel communication systems through the simultaneous use of several derivative systems of Walsh functions with different generating functions, which are necessary for constructing pseudo-random sequences (PSR). These sequences, in turn, are used as spreading codes when generating noise-like signals in multi-channel data transmission systems with channel separation (SDMA) according to the signal shape or code. The correlation properties of the PSR are studied and it is shown that, in the contrast of the known ones, the proposed approach makes it possible to increase the number of channels in the system without increasing the channel bandwidth that improves the efficiency of a multi-channel communication system.

    • Application of Neural Networks in Underwater Drone Control

      pg(s) 52-55

      The integration of neural networks has revolutionised various technological domains, including the control mechanisms of underwater drones, especially in the context of Industry 4.0. This review explores the application of neural network architectures to improve the navigation, stability and overall performance of underwater drones. A systematic analysis of current methods is provided, focusing on their effectiveness in addressing challenges such as dynamic underwater environments, sensor noise, and real-time decision making. Key advances in neural network-based control strategies are discussed. Furthermore, the integration of these networks with traditional control systems to achieve robust and adaptive control frameworks is highlighted. Through the examination of case studies and experimental results, this review identifies potential areas for future research and development to further the advancement of autonomous underwater vehicles through intelligent control systems.

    • Enhancing OCR Accuracy for ID-1 Documents with Security Features through Machine Learning-driven Image Optimization

      pg(s) 56-59

      OCR technology is widely used in various applications, including document digitization, data extraction, and document management systems. The OCR technology has seen significant advancements in recent years, especially with the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. These advancements have led to substantial improvements in accuracy, particularly for standard fonts and clear document images. However, challenges still exist, especially when dealing with low-quality images, noisy images, handwritten text, or documents with unusual fonts. Some documents like ID cards, driving licenses, etc. use some security features like deliberate errors, OVI (Optical Variable Ink), Rainbow print, Guilloche pattern, fine line, and microprint to protect the documents from being counterfeited. These security elements also generate noise on the image to perform the OCR. In this paper, we present a way to enhance the OCR accuracy for ID-1 documents with security features through machine learning-driven image optimization. Albanian driving license images on the personalization process are used as a dataset to train the model. During the training process, the model of the ID-1 card is presented with a dataset containing input features (such as images, texts, or numerical data) along with corresponding labels or outcomes. After training, the model and the implemented algorithm to optimize the image for the OCR process are implemented in real-life application.

    • A single-board computer based distributed system for internal and external sound monitoring

      pg(s) 60-62

      This work showcases a distributed noise monitoring system used for measuring noise levels both inside and outside of buildings in urban environments. The system utilises single board computers as main operating units which handle the measurement of parameters and communication. The noise monitoring stations can measure instantaneous and long-term acoustic noise levels, as well as atmospheric parameters such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature and humidity. Measurement stations are connected to an external server via the MQTT protocol. The external server allows for the recording of data into a secure database, as well as for providing end users with historical and instantaneous data on request. A test run of the measurement system was performed and has shown that the measurement stations can function in their design capacity. The system shows great promise in use in internal monitoring of industrial plants both as a precautionary measure for worker health and safety and as an easily modifiable sound monitoring platform in the industry 4.0 standard.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Advances in Sensory Systems for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: A Preliminary Review

      pg(s) 63-65

      Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) are gaining traction in various fields, from oceanographic research to defence applications, due to their versatility and autonomy. This preliminary study explores the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and beamforming techniques to enhance the sensory capabilities of UUVs. The study delves into the evolving landscape of sensory systems, emphasising the incorporation of IoT to enable seamless data exchange, real-time monitoring and adaptive decision making. It also examines the use of beamforming techniques in directional sonar sensing, highlighting their role in improving target detection, localisation and tracking capabilities in underwater environments. By synthesising current research and technological trends, this review provides valuable insights into the synergistic integration of IoT and beamforming techniques to enhance the capabilities of UUV sensor systems for diverse applications.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Corporate culture and teamwork in the digital era

      pg(s) 66-70

      The topic of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the evolution of jobs, and consequently changes in human capital issues is of increasing interest to researchers policy makers, and managers from corporate practice. Corporate culture is a tool for implementing the changes that come with the digital era. Teamwork is part of an adaptive corporate culture that creates the conditions for innovation and technological progress. The present study aims to investigate whether the relationship between Industry 4.0 tools and human resource management in this era (Smart HR 4.0) is mediated by the teamwork climate in the enterprise. The research was conducted by questionnaire survey in 115 industrial enterprises in Slovakia. The respondents were low, middle and top level managers. The PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) method was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The hypotheses were statistically tested at α = 0.05 level. The results of the performed analyses were processed using the statistical software SmartPLS 3. The hypothesis of the mediating effect of teamwork in the relationship of Industry 4.0 and SmartHR4.0 was confirmed. Partial mediation was found, with the indirect effect contributing by 32 percent to the total effect. The findings indicate that teamwork is an important mean of support in various innovative management tools, including HR and SmartHR4.0 implementation.

    • Impact of brain thinking preference on engineering project performance

      pg(s) 71-77

      The main objective of this study is to determine the extent of the effect of brain thinking preference (brain quadrants) on engineering project performance. A descriptive approach methodology was used to achieve the objective of this work by developing a special questionnaire contains many tracks. The data collected by the questionnaires with a sample size of (500) from different engineering projects in public and private sectors were analyzed using a statistical package for the social science (SPSS –V21). The main results showed that the most influencing criteria on the project’s performance was “the freedom to choose a job”, which had an impact on the project’s performance by 84.3%, and the respondents’ answers in favor of this parameter was 78.2%. This indicates that the parameter of the independent coefficient (preference for mental thinking) raises the level of project performance and thus directly affects the project performance measures which are: The effectiveness, efficiency, employee loyalty and project quality. While the lowest effect is the parameter “the creativity and skill “which has 61.3%, with respondents answers in favors of this parameter is 36.6%. Also the results showed that when employees have the freedom to choice their own preferred job will have a great impact on project quality and thus increasing the percentage of profits. So, giving employees the freedom to choose a job and measuring the extent of creativity and skill will give the opportunity to increase a job performance. Also, results have shown that spreading awareness of the preference for cerebral thinking and moving towards the preferred cerebral quadrant of a person’s brain will unleash the best level of creativity, skill and conscious future outlook in all scientific and practical fields.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • A simple e-voting system ensuring identification, privacy and verifiability

      pg(s) 78-81

      Electronic voting (e-voting) offers many advantages compared to traditional types of voting. Today there are many e-voting schemes and systems, which allow their use for various purposes. Because of its fundamental importance for democratic societies, e-voting is subject to high legal standards, in particular security requirements for the voting method. It is hard to create a system or a protocol fulfilling all security requirements. Designing effective e-voting systems is challenging because these aspects often conflict with each other. For example, one of such challenges is trying to ensure identification and keep votes private while still being able to verify them. There are quite a few cryptographic schemes which fulfill wide requirements for electronic elections, but they use sophisticated cryptographic tools that make them hard to implement and require expertise in various fields. In this paper we suggest a new approach that ensures this requirements without complex cryptographic methods, using only face recognition, properties of entropy, hash functions and steganography.

    • Contrastive Analysis of Using Japanese Fillers and the Relationship between Fillers and Politeness:Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese

      pg(s) 82-85

      Japanese has various kinds of fillers. Their functions include not only hesitation but also marking the softening of utterances and indicating breaks between utterances. This study analyzes native Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese speaker brain’s cerebral blood flow related to fillers by using fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy). Additionally, we seek to explore the relationship between fillers and politeness of utterances by analyzing the sounds of fillers. We conclude fillers are connected to the increase of cerebral blood flow and filler’s kinds, pitch, length and strength are influenced to politeness.