Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Fabrication and application of internet of things device using sigfox network and at commands

      pg(s) 118-121

      In this study, the Sigfox network and the Internet were employed to develop an Internet of Things device equipped with temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, and other sensors to measure different physical data. In addition, we attempted to control Sigfox communication by employing AT commands using the Arduino UNOR4 Sigfox module, and social implementation of the proposed system.

    • Application of convolutional networks to detect the operating phases of energy systems using a biomass boiler as an example

      pg(s) 122-125

      The development of neural algorithms opens new perspectives for the analysis of technological processes. Particularly relevant are strongly nonlinear and complex objects, such as power plants. One of the modern solutions enabling data analysis are convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The research presents the application of CNNs to monitor and optimize combustion processes in biomass boilers. The fuel analyzed was gray straw, which is difficult to control due to the nature of combustion. The proposed technique is based on the processing of temporal data, which represent different stages of the combustion process. The work examined the effectiveness of the model in identifying key operating parameters and detecting the stages of firing from ignition initialization to nominal operation. Analysis of images of parameter curves from the time waveforms makes it possible to capture repeatable relationships that enable faster response to future changes in the conditions of the combustion process. Determining the phase of the process, based on data and trends of selected parameters, allows the control system to react faster, without operator intervention. As a result of the study, the efficiency of process stage change detection by the convolutional network, expressed by means of an error matrix, through the F1-score parameter (harmonic mean between precision and sensitivity) was achieved at a level close to 96%. The proposed solution can be effectively applied to a number of technological processes including those that are part of Industry 4.0 effectively influencing technological transformation..

    • Deep Eye – Intelligent Device for Creating Digital Models of Underwater Topography

      pg(s) 126-129

      This project endeavors to advance underwater mapping technologies through the development of algorithms tailored for mapping, analyzing, and creating digital models of bathymetry. A key aspect of this research involves the integration of advanced technologies, specifically High-Definition cameras and a purpose-designed sonar system. By leveraging these tools, high-resolution point cloud data and precise representations of submerged geographical structures can be obtained. The project also aims to conduct a waterproof device, operated by a diver, incorporating both HD cameras and sonar sensors. This device will enhance data collection and mapping capabilities in challenging underwater environments, addressing complexities associated with underwater terrains. Several critical questions are central to this research. Primarily, the investigation seeks to understand how artificial intelligence algorithms can be optimized to harness the collective potential of HD cameras and the specially crafted sonar system. Additionally, the research endeavors to evaluate the comparative efficacy and accuracy of the proposed sonar system and HD cameras in underwater mapping, particularly under adverse environmental conditions where visibility is compromised by high particle concentrations. Througth these efforts, this project aims to contribute to the advancement of underwater mapping technologies, offering insights into optimizing sensor integration and algorithm development for enhanced mapping accuracy in challenging underwater environments.

    • Unified Framework for PdM Algorithm Development: The pdm-tools Architecture

      pg(s) 130-133

      This paper proposes a novel architecture for pdm-tools, a dedicated library designed to streamline the development process of predictive maintenance (PdM) algorithms within the Industry 4.0 paradigm. pdm-tools tackles the time-consuming nature of PdM algorithm development by encompassing five key components within a unified framework. pdm-tools tackles the time challenge by offering a unified workflow: generate synthetic vibration data (gearboxes, bearings, shafts) for rapid prototyping, eliminating initial real-world data collection. Data preparation and feature extraction ensure readiness through scaling, filtering, and extracting diverse condition indicators, empowering robust algorithms. Finally, user-defined model development and evaluation allow training, optimization, and selection of optimal PdM algorithms (machine learning/deep learning). By integrating these functionalities within a single architecture, pdm-tools empowers rapid development and evaluation of PdM algorithms, ultimately leading to a more efficient and effective implementation of predictive maintenance strategies within the Industry 4.0 landscape.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Statistical processing of data from the operation of a photovoltaic power plant

      pg(s) 134-137

      The paper deals with an operating photovoltaic plant in Bulgaria. The wide application of photоvoltaic plants in the energy system is known. At the same time, subject matters about their normal functioning are fundamental. The goal of the paper set is to analyze data from the operation of a photovoltaic power plant , which is ultimately related to improving its behavior. Relevant conclusions have been dоne.

    • Use of precise implantological surgical guides in reconstructions adjacent to teeth with unusual anatomy – use of Dentistry 4.0 technology

      pg(s) 138-142

      This study aims to present the practical application of the Dentistry 4.0 concept based on obtaining data on the patient’s intraoral situation and bone base using CBCT, processing them into a digital model, creating a digital twin, and then developing an intraprocedural navigation procedure through a dedicated surgical guide and then designing and manufacturing, using 3D printing, implantprosthetic restorations. The study describes the results of the author’s work, indicating the engineering aspects of implant prosthetic treatment based on the description of cases related to the reconstruction of single missing teeth using dental implants implanted in the case of difficult anatomical conditions of the bone base and/or adjacent teeth, with a discussion of the material selection methodology, technological and structural design, using additive manufacturing.
      The technology for the design, manufacture and application of implant-prosthetic restorations developed by the author, preceded by a fully navigated implantation procedure of dental screw implants, illustrates in practice the full application of the Dentistry 4.0 concept, where the latest technologies, including primarily computer-aided design and computer-aided CAD/CAM manufacturing, the use of a digital twin, supporting surgical procedures through the use of templates navigating the operator’s actions and additive manufacturing allow for a radical increase in the availability of implant-prosthetic solutions for patients with difficult anatomical conditions, both due to a limited bone base and anomalies of the anatomy of adjacent teeth. Thanks to the latest technology, not only is it possible to perform this type of procedure, but it is also possible to perform the procedure in a short time, with minimal interference in the patient’s tissues and ensuring the optimal shape of the prosthetic restoration itself.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Performance of digital content distribution channels

      pg(s) 143-144

      Digital marketing is currently a key pillar for the success of businesses in an environment of constant changes in online channels. Within this dynamic environment, it is imperative to continually review and analyse the effectiveness of digital content distribution channels. This article aims to systematically review the theoretical background in digital marketing with an emphasis on digital content distribution channels. In order to provide a holistic assessment of the performance of these channels, the thesis combines a critical perspective on existing theoretical framework models with an analysis of current digital marketing trends and practices. The proposed theoretical frameworks provide a basis for further developments in the field of digital marketing. It concluded by further discussing the implications of the findings for marketing managers and proposing recommendations for optimizing the use of digital content distribution channels in order to achieve maximum success in the online environment.

    • Waste logistics in the aspect of a closed loop economy

      pg(s) 145-148

      The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate waste logistics in a large-scale agricultural enterprise in terms of a closedloop economy. A closed-loop economy was characterised and its significance for the enterprise was defined. The size and structure of the input production means, and their output were established. Based on yardsticks and indicators the degree of implementation of the closedloop economy into the enterprise was estimated and solutions improving the current situation were suggested. It was found out that in the analysed enterprise it is carried out at a high level which is proved by a high indicator of waste management in the closed loop at the level of 95%.

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Energy efficiency measures to reduce the carbon footprint: A case study of Tirana airport

      pg(s) 149-153

      One of the biggest challenges of our century is climate change. The aviation industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, and airports are responsible for a significant portion of this impact. To reduce the carbon footprint of airports, it is necessary to implement energy efficiency measures that can help reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This study analyzes the impact of the use of photovoltaic panels (PV) and the replacement of boiler burners with oil, on energy efficiency and the reduction of carbon emissions at the airport of Tirana. The electricity produced by these panels is used to power airport buildings, lighting systems and other infrastructure, reducing the need for traditional energy sources.
      The reviewed period covers the year 2023, because during this year important investments were made with the installation of photovoltaic panels and the replacement of oil boiler burners with LPG burner, in addition to the improvement of the lighting system and the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles. Energy consumption data is used to calculate the carbon footprint and key energy performance indicators. The results showed that the use of photovoltaic panels and the change of burners of oil boilers brought a significant reduction of the carbon footprint and a significant economic benefit.