International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Many industries, like the aviation industry and border control, rely on X-ray inspection systems for their security operations. These systems are state of the art complex electromechanical machines that need to be maintained by highly qualified service specialists. The most critical part of each x-ray inspection system is the x-ray generator. In this article, we propose a technique for remote diagnostics based on electrical and thermal telemetry monitoring. We have studied the most important electrical and thermal parameters of various conventional X-ray generators equipped with stationary anode X-ray tubes, up to 300kV acceleration voltage, and their correlation to the operational condition of the generator. The experimental results, obtained in a real operational environment, show that a limited number of monitoring parameters are enough to properly estimate the condition and diagnose some failures in X-ray generators. A simplified physical model, based on electrical and thermal parameters, has been proposed and compared with the results.

Calculating and increasing the reliability indicators of machines is an important problem as they won’t be competitive in the world market without this high indicator. Currently, many scientists have developed scientific foundations for calculating the reliability of machines, installations, instruments and devices in radio electronics, aviation, space, mechanical engineering and other industries, but such research is not acceptable for agricultural machines that operate in special soil-climatic and dynamic conditions. Their working bodies are constantly subject to alternating dynamic loads, abrasive particles in the cultivated soil, exposure and inclination of the relief, high humidity, high radiation, etc. All these factors cause intensive wear of their working bodies and therefore, such machines are subject to special requirements for reliability. In addition, agricultural machines must have high reliability due to the fact that harvesting is carried out in a short time and failures of such machines lead to significant losses of agricultural products. We have developed theoretical principles and methods for calculating the reliability of agricultural machines, taking into account the specifics of their designs and operating conditions. For this purpose, modern methods of probabilistic-statistical modeling, queuing theory, similarity and dimensions were used. A methodology for calculating reliability was also developed taking into account the structural and logical diagrams of machines and such diagrams of specific machines were drawn up.

Adjara, with its diverse natural conditions, relief and soil and climatic features, is one of the distinctive regions of Georgia, dominated by mountainous terrain, steep slopes and small areas. Accordingly, the complex mechanization of agricultural processes by mobile agricultural machinery is inappropriate and therefore small-sized agricultural machinery is used. This technique works in difficult soil-climatic and dynamic conditions, it is constantly affected by significant dynamic forces, high humidity, abrasive particles in the environment, mountainous terrain and others. All these factors cause intensive wear and decrease in the reliability of the working bodies of machines. It should be noted that single and complex indicators of the operational reliability of small-scale mechanization equipment operating in the mountainous conditions of Adjara have not been studied and their establishment will contribute to the rational organization of technical service of small-scale mechanization machines.
The reliability indicators of motoblocks and motor cultivators, such as the probability of failure-free operation, time between failures, the failure rate parameter, the average resource, the coefficients of technical use and readiness, are considered, adequate probabilisticstatistical mathematical models are obtained, the least reliable nodes, types of failures are identified, and a set of measures is outlined to improve reliability

The article examines the single and complex indicators of the operational reliability of agricultural machinery (tractors and combines) operating in the special soil-climatic and dynamic conditions of Georgia, highlights the least reliable units and parts that require constructive improvement.
As a result of research, according to the methodology of probabilistic and statistical modeling developed by us, integral and differential distribution functions of reliability indicators were obtained, their general characteristics were determined, as well as mathematical models and the values of reliability indicators were determined taking into account the distribution law. The adequacy of the probabilistic-statistical models was tested using the Pearson and Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit tests.
As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, characteristic malfunctions and failures of the main units of foreign ag ricultural equipment operating in Georgia have been established, and constructive and technological measures to improve reliability have been developed.

This research work presents the results of the monitoring on a robotic cell operation for welding the bogie frame on a freight wagon for two months. The structure of the robotic welding cell is revealed and a register of the occurred failures was formed. A statistical processing of the received information has been made and an analytical expression about the trouble-free operation has been determined. Recommendations for increasing trouble-free operation are suggested.

The intensity of aging and wear of the components /aggregates and assemblies/ of the machines is different and hence the necessity of carrying out repair service interventions has different periodicity and volume.
A model has been developed to optimize the periodicity of maintenance of machine components, taking into account the losses from the underuse of their resource.
The influence of the parameters of the law and the economic indicators on the optimal periodicity of the maintenance was examined at the density of the distribution of work until failure to the Weibull distribution.

A key element in the machinery management policy is its rational use by optimizing the periodicity of maintenance and repairs. The influence of the numerical characteristics and parameters of the reliability indicators distribution on the optimal periodicity of the maintenance has been investigated. Analytical dependencies for determining the complex reliability indicators of the objects at the optimal periodicity of the prophylactics are proposed.

Startup is a newly established enterprise, or an enterprise at the foundation stage, which is focused on monetizing an idea. According to the European Association of Business Angels there are launched about 50 million new projects every year (137,000 per day), but 90% of them fail. In the paper we analysed 51 startups, which had a minimum viable product and also some investment, but failed. The main aim of the research was to identify the factors leading to the failure of startups. The result has been to create an overview of the mistakes that young entrepreneurs commit at the early beginning.

Characteristics of operational reliability of agricultural plows, operating in mountainous conditions were determined on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. It is shown that these conditions adversely affect their workability, cause intense wear of working parts of plows, and lead to failures. For this purpose, special coefficient was introduced which takes into account the impact of mountainous conditions on reliability.

A structural-logical scheme for reliability calculations was determined, and at the level of invention, a fundamentally new plow with variable widths was developed, allowing a better use of its operation in the mountainous conditions.

Characteristics of operational reliability of agricultural plows, operating in mountainous conditions were determined on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. It is shown that these conditions adversely affect their workability, cause intense wear of working parts of plows, and lead to failures. For this purpose, special coefficient was introduced which takes into account the impact of mountainous conditions on reliability.

A structural-logical scheme for reliability calculations was determined, and at the level of invention, a fundamentally new plow with variable widths was developed, allowing a better use of its operation in the mountainous conditions.