International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

We focused on the assessment of the quality of work of the selected seeder used in soil protection technologies, with the aim of optimizing its efficiency and contributing to sustainable agriculture. Soil protection technologies, which are increasingly important in connection with soil degradation and changes in climate conditions, require precise and efficient agricultural tools. Seeders play a key role in seed application, and their performance directly affects soil quality and crop yields. We monitored the accuracy of sowing, uniformity of seed distribution, depth of their planting, as well as the impact of the seeder’s work on soil structure and protection against erosion. The research results provide comprehensive information on the effectiveness of the seeder in terms of soil protection technologies, identify potential shortcomings in its performance and suggest possible improvements. These findings are relevant for agricultural practice, where a combination of high yields and soil protection is required, and contribute to the optimization of technological processes in modern agriculture.

During the operation of the tractor unit in field operations, not all the power developed by the tractor engine is effectively spent on useful work.
To use the tractor power effectively, reduce or eliminate its useless losses, the article considers the tractor power balance, showing the distribution of effective power among the individual components for traction and driving their working details. According to theoretical studies, it was found that the traction resistance of a wide-seeder with clutch openers consists of two components; this is the resistance of the hopper to movement and the resistance of the filling part
It was found that traction resistance will decrease as the hopper empties. The pulling resistance of the embedment is made up of several components, with the maximum permissible working speed of the unit, the maximum embedment depth and the highest seed sowing rate, the required power to perform the sowing process is obtained within 120 kW (163, 155 h.p), excluding the tractor power for raising or lowering the side sections of the sealing part. The total power consumption is distributed as follows: 90,8% to overcome the traction resistance of the wide seed drill, 9,1% for the fan hydraulic drive, and the remaining 0,1% for the electric meter.
To reduce the amount of required power for the sowing process, it is necessary to work in the direction of reducing the seeder mass and improving the design parameters of working coulters.

The production and breeding of new varieties of high-quality seed material is connected with the sowing of a wide range of crops with different physical and mechanical properties of seeds. In existing seeding machines, the sowing devices are capable of sowing loose and medium-flowing seeds, such as wheat, barley, rye, etc. further transport it to the working bodies for soil application. A characteristic disadvantage in the introduction of hard-flowing (non-flowing) seeds is the presence of a coagulation zone, which should be destroyed. In order to improve the quality of seeding non-flowing seeds, the design parameters of the sowing apparatus for seeding non-flowing grass seeds for moisture and energy-saving technologies in feed production will be substantiated and developed.

One of the main ways of obtaining high yields is a method of sowing and technology for its implementation. At present in the world practice, the creation of high-performance and adapted to certain soil-climatic conditions, sowing units is moving in two directions: increasing the degree of combination (versatility) of sowing machines and the use of centralized tanks for seeds and fertilizers, and pneumatic sowing systems.
However, models of seeders with CVS do not fully meet agro technical requirements for uniformity of sowing between coulters and are aggregated only with a specific tractor class, while having a high cost and low annual load. In this connection, the creation of high-performance and adapted to certain soil and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan is very relevant.

The scientific problem of this study is the justification of the expediency of combining the technological operations of sowing cereals and applying the main and starting doses of mineral fertilizers when using a combined machine and tractor unit (aggregate). During the research there were used methods of conducting field experiments using standard equipment. During the planned experiments there were used correlation methods and methods of numerical calculations on a PC. The comparative studies of the quality of barley sowing with basic and modernized fertilizer-sowing units showed the following values of qualitative indicators. So, the coefficient of seed depth variation of the base unit was – 8.2%, and the combined (modernized) unit – 4.7%; The uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the line for the basic unit is – 63.8%, for the modernized unit – 84.9%; Field germination of seeds when sowing the basic unit is 80.4%, modernized – 87.4%. Thus, when using the combined fertilizer-seeding unit, the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the string will be substantially increased. At the same time, the field germination of seeds will increase, and the coefficient of variation in the depth of seed placement in the furrow will decrease. Based on the results of field experimental studies, an increase in the yield of spring wheat and barley was found in the application of a combined fertilizer-seed aggregate with the simultaneous introduction of a basic fertilizer-seeded fertilizer into the soil and sowing of cereals with the application of a starting dose of mineral fertilizer in comparison with the known schemes of such operations. The obtained results confirm the expediency of combining these technological operations with one pass of the combined machine-tractor unit (aggregate).