Industry 4.0
Vol. 7 (2022), Issue 5

Table of Contents

  • TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Sustainable hybrid energy production system

      pg(s) 158-165

      Solar energy has a drawback when it works individually, because it could not produce electrical energy in rainy and cloudy seasons, and during the night time. Wind energy is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. Therefore, the need to overcome these drawbacks could be by combining two energy resources so that any one source fails the other source will keep generating electricity. In this study, a designed prototype that combines two energy resources wind and solar energy will be constructed and tested. The design will supply the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature and gives uninterrupted power. Also it works during day time and produce DC power by the solar PV cell which is stored in the battery bank through a hybrid controller, which maximizes charging current and prevents excessive discharge/overcharge. The Wind turbine generator will generate power when wind speed exceeds cut-in speed; wind power is also stored in the battery bank through hybrid controller. Energy stored in the battery is drawn by electrical loads through the inverter, which converts DC into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for short-circuit, reverse polarity, low battery voltage and over load. The battery bank is sizing to feed loads up to five hours, during non-sun/wind days. The designed prototype has proved to work efficiently for a sustainable electricity supply for 24 hours, the results of this work give an incentive to proceed with building and using such sustainable power generation systems (hybrid) that have proven to be efficient and economically feasible to use for continuous energy generation which is suitable for urban, rural and isolated areas.

    • Methods of artificial intelligence for cyber-physical systems

      pg(s) 166-169

      Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are the core of the Fourth industrial revolution and the Industry 4.0 initiative. They are facing many challenges, addressing them requires attracting and using new methods and techniques from the field of artificial intelligence and big data to make intelligent decisions and perform effective data analysis. Тhe paper presents an analyze of the current trends and challenges in the development of cyber-physical systems and the ever-increasing interest in the methods and approaches of artificial intelligence and its application in the life cycle phases of design, analysis, implementation and maintenance of CPS. There are two aspects that are the focus of attention and analysis: (1) the computing by intelligence and (2) the computing for intelligence. Finally some ideas for using different methods and approaches of artificial intelligence for achieving interoperability and autonomy of CPS are proposed.

  • DOMINANT TECHNOLOGIES IN “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Development of ceria-based catalysts for safety production and storage of hydrogen

      pg(s) 170-173

      This study is aimed at the development of active and selective ceria-based catalysts for hydrogen production by methanol decomposition. The effectс of ceria modification with different metal oxides and development of mesoporous texture of the composites wере illustrated. The microstructure of the obtained catalysts was studied in details by different physicochemical techniques, such as nitrogen physisorption, XRD, HRTEM, SEM, various spectroscopic methods and TPR with hydrogen. The bi-metallic spinel oxides revealed promising potential for the synthesis of more active and selective catalysts. The catalyst formula was optimized using mesoporous ceria doped with iron oxide as catalyst support and deposition of nickel oxide nanoparticles on it.

    • Energy utilization of high-water content biomass in albanian rural areas

      pg(s) 174-177

      The use of renewable sources for energy purposes is very important from the global environmental perspective. Biomass is part of this group of fuels. This article focuses on the characteristics of wet biomass, a typical fuel source in the Albanian rural areas and not only. Thus, the most significant factor of biomass combustion is its moisture content in natural conditions. This property significantly influences the burning quality of biomass. Drying of this fuel using conventional methods or energy intensity processes aims to decrease the moisture content in biomass and meantime increase of its calorific value. The techniques of drying wet biomass vary significantly. Energy utilization of wet biomass is the main goal of this paper, considering it an important fuel source especially during winter season in Albanian rural areas. The variation of heating value to moisture content and other significant parameters have been investigated.

  • BUSINESS & “INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Industry 4.0 and the necessity of a new quality human capital

      pg(s) 178-182

      Humanity enters Industry 4.0. It is characterized by the emergence of numerous innovative technologies that should be produced in “smart” factories. However, this presents the entire Western world with a problem. Talking about the industry for machines, we immediately talk about machine engineers who power this industry. However, in the West, the crisis with this type of personnel is severe because of our previous ideology – “Knowledge Economy” which diverted many of the finest young people towards social science specialties and above all, those related to economics and management. Therefore, the West, is tasked with creating a new quality industry for machines without the engineering personnel to secure this process.This report presents a new approach to bring back the previous and well-deserved prestige of the all-important engineering profession through a fourth and final engineering wave in the development of a holistic business model ontology, a wave that will also generate a new quality of systemic economic engineers – the necessary engineering capital for realizing Industry 4.0.

    • Forms of eco-innovation transfer in industrial enterprises

      pg(s) 183-186

      After the adoption of the European Green Pact aimed at achieving the sustainability of the Union’s economy, industrial enterprises are faced with the challenge of creating and implementing eco-innovations aimed at achieving the goals set in the Pact. Considering that the innovation activity is a complex, expensive and risky process, for a large part of the enterprises there is the possibility of taking advantage of the possibilities of technological transfer of eco-innovations. The purpose of this report is to present the essence, characteristics and main forms of transfer of eco-innovations.The results show that the development and implementation of eco-innovations can be a complex, expensive and risky process that requires knowledge, effort and many activities that are beyond the power of every enterprise. This necessitates cooperation as a form of reducing costs and achieving a better economic effect

  • SOCIETY & ”INDUSTRY 4.0”

    • Post-crisis development of recreation areas

      pg(s) 187-190

      The main issues considered in this article: the development of recreational areas during the period of overcoming the consequences of the war on the example of Ukraine; the importance and content of pre-project studies regarding the implementation of programs and projects of recreational development of territories; the need to use methods of analysis and comparison when researching the experience of successful countries in the field of recreational development, in particular Southern Europe; attraction of investments, loans, budgetary and extra-budgetary funds for the innovative development of recreational areas; improvement of tax legislation with the aim of providing temporary preferences to recreational areas for the implementation of necessary programs and projects.

    • NoSQL database for air quality prediction

      pg(s) 191-194

      The increasing application of NoSQL database technology and the neural networks raises the question of how compatible and applicable are the NoSQL databases to the neural network prediction models. This paper examines the applicability of a traditional relational database for storing air quality data and compares it to a NoSQL database performing the same functions. The possibility of the NoSQL database to feed a neural network model for predicting the atmospheric air quality is evaluated. The tendencies in the data are studied, and some solutions for improving the air quality are proposed. An analysis and a comparison of the performance of both relational SQL and NoSQL database systems by using real-world data for the Air Quality Index in the city of London is assessed and their performance is compared. Bivariate analysis on the data in order to assess the quality of the neural network forecast is performed.

    • Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the distribution of teleworking in Bulgaria – social, occupational, and sectoral dimensions

      pg(s) 195-197

      The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and the related containment measures had a significant influence on the Bulgarian labour market. Economic activities where it was difficult to apply flexible regimes of work allowing the physical absence of the employee from the location of production or service provision were hit particularly high. Therefore, it is interesting from the research point of view to analyse the influence of the COVID-19 pandemics on the changes in the distribution of the remote work not only with a view of its coverage and frequency of application, but mainly in terms of its social, occupational, and sectoral characteristics. Such an analysis would contribute to better understating of the readiness of the Bulgarian labour market to implement the flexible regimes of work mediated by information and communication technologies. The analysis is based on the 10th round of the European Social Survey for Bulgaria.

    • The impact of digitization on health and safety at work

      pg(s) 198-200

      The advent of technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, collaborative robotics, the Internet of Things, algorithms and digital work platforms and at the same time a significant increase in the number of people working remotely brings opportunities as well as new challenges and risks in the field of health and safety. Addressing challenges and risks and maximizing opportunities depend on how technologies are used, managed and regulated in the context of social, political and economic trends [1]. This post describes digitization and its use in the field of safety.