International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

The use of renewable sources for energy purposes is very important from the global environmental perspective. Biomass is part of this group of fuels. This article focuses on the characteristics of wet biomass, a typical fuel source in the Albanian rural areas and not only. Thus, the most significant factor of biomass combustion is its moisture content in natural conditions. This property significantly influences the burning quality of biomass. Drying of this fuel using conventional methods or energy intensity processes aims to decrease the moisture content in biomass and meantime increase of its calorific value. The techniques of drying wet biomass vary significantly. Energy utilization of wet biomass is the main goal of this paper, considering it an important fuel source especially during winter season in Albanian rural areas. The variation of heating value to moisture content and other significant parameters have been investigated.

Heavy metal accumulation potential in the biomass and different plant parts of the selected species of energy crops cultivated on contaminated soil was evaluated. Phytoextraction potential, biomass yield and qualitative parameters of bioenergy plants grown on heavy metal contaminated soil has been measured. Finally heavy metal influence on biomass utilization possibilities, energy recovery and further safe use of the rest products has been evaluated. Demonstrated possibilities to grow bioenergy plants on moderately contaminated soil could increase the use of marginal lands, decrease land use competition between food and liquid biofuels and provide options for a gentle and cost-effective remediation.

The relevance of the matter is confirmed by numerous researches of the alternate engine fuel, in particular, from the renewable sources of raw materials (biomass) studied in various regions of the Russian Federation and abroad. For obtaining diesel composite fuel as raw materials are attractive oil crops which are not used in the food industry, for example, carthamus, false flax, colza, winter cress, crambe and castor-oil plant.
At the moment the need for the ricinic oil used in military, chemical, machine-building, radio-electronic, printing, paint and varnish, medical, cosmetic and other industries in the Russian Federation grows. As a result of processing of a castor-oil plant fruits by cold press in residual meal or pod there are about 10% of oil which is possible for allocating by processing of meal on technology of extraction with receiving technical ricinic oil with a possibility of application as raw materials for receiving paint and varnish, lubricants and diesel composite fuel.
However viscosity of ricinic oil is 10 times more, than at diesel gas oil therefore it is necessary to apply in mix with low-viscosity components. As additive to ricinic oil can be used mineral oil fuel and bioethanol due to which mixture viscosity considerably decreases, cloud point and crystallizations temperature decreases. [8]
As diesel composite fuel is investigated mixture of ricinic oil (RicO), and summer diesel gas oil according to National State Standard 305-2013. On the basis of the carried-out calculation are defined indexes of a working cycle, dependences on concentration of components of blenderized fuel are shown.
On the basis of the calculation, are determined the working cycle indexes, are shown the dependences on the concentration of the components of the composite fuel. Based on the results of the calculation, the obtained indicators were compared with diesel gas oil.

In the Division of Vehicle Engineering ,Wroclaw University of Technology, there is realized the grant which aim is to work out the innovative compact EKOMPACT module- the installation of electric energy generation from biomass renewable resources by new technology. Research results (primarily simulation) provide necessary data for any modification of the installation in a way that the implementation of a new solution will be possible in diverse locations which are characterized by different working conditions.

Integrated technology and new generation of multimodule tracked vehicles unit was designed by PIMR- Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Poznan within the research project WND-POIG.01.03.01-00-164/09. The Tracked Vehicles Unit (TVU) was built as a part of cooperation with Polish firm Hydromega. TVU is dedicated to work on wetlands and should have positive impact on ecology and better environment protection thanks to use of biodegradable oils and lubricants, diesel engine with Stage III emission standard, innovative tracks which have different internal and external speeds during turns. A single-phase technology is designed for harvesting/collecting and transporting biomass (reeds, grass, bushes, small trees) on wetlands, especially these that are located in National Parks and Nature 2000 areas. The TVU is designed to work with different tool modules for cutting, shredding and transporting collected biomass on wetlands. Amphibian type of the TVU’s hulls allows for work in inlands water (rivers, lakes, canals).

Integrated technology and new generation of multimodule tracked vehicles unit was designed by PIMR- Industrial Institute of Agricultural Engineering in Poznan within the research project WND-POIG.01.03.01-00-164/09. The Tracked Vehicles Unit (TVU) was built as a part of cooperation with Polish firm Hydromega. TVU is dedicated to work on wetlands and should have positive impact on ecology and better environment protection thanks to use of biodegradable oils and lubricants, diesel engine with Stage III emission standard, innovative tracks which have different internal and external speeds during turns. A single-phase technology is designed for harvesting/collecting and transporting biomass (reeds, grass, bushes, small trees) on wetlands, especially these that are located in National Parks and Nature 2000 areas. The TVU is designed to work with different tool modules for cutting, shredding and transporting collected biomass on wetlands. Amphibian type of the TVU’s hulls allows for work in inlands water (rivers, lakes, canals).

Limited non-renewable resources and growing problems related to the protection of the environment are main reasons why renewable energy sources are used more and more. This paper presents compared technical and economic analyse of two renewable energy resources, biomass and waste water, for sanitary hot water preparation (DHW). Waste water (sewage) is a source of energy which can be used for heating and cooling buildings with heat pumps. The average waste water temperature such as found in restaurants, laundries, dormitories and etc. varies in the range of 20–40 °C through the whole year. The technology is simple and proven. Biomass as a renewable source of energy has the potential to offer a cost-effective and low carbon alternative to fossil fuels. It is considered as the renewable energy source with the highest potential to contribute to the energy needs of modern society for both the industrialized and developing countries worldwide. Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources are sustainable based on current and future economic and social needs. Compared analyse of the systems is applied for public institution „Home for male children and youth with disabilities“ Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Currently, this institution use light fuel oil and elektricity for their energy needs. The aim of this paper is to provide specific information about technology, economics and potential savings.

One of the most used types of biofuels is the biogas, produced during the process of anaerobic digestion of organic waste. The current project aims utilization of plant biomass waste, used to produce energy in the form of biogas, after proper pretreatment, in order to enhance energetic value and yield. Proper resource and method of pretreatment will be chosen, in order to obtain high biogas yields. The chosen technology will be tested in a plug-flow bioreactor to optimize the technical parameters.