International Scientific Journals
of Scientific Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering "Industry 4.0"

Intelligence agencies have evolved from covert security instruments into strategic diplomatic actors that influence negotiations, alliances, and international legal processes. This paper explores the role of intelligence in foreign relations, examines its interaction with international law, and analyzes the legal and ethical dilemmas posed by covert diplomacy. Through selected case studies—including Mossad’s backchannel operations prior to the Abraham Accords and the CIA’s Cold War contributions—the study highlights how intelligence can stabilize crises while simultaneously challenging norms of sovereignty and non-intervention. The paper proposes a conceptual model for understanding intelligence as a diplomatic tool within contemporary global governance.

The authors propose the development of a framework using simulation modelling technology. The aim is to simulate the behavior and the interaction and interoperability of the components of the modern communication infrastructure of the national security systems in various crises. The focus is on cyber security and cyber defence, from the point of view of risks and threats to the security of communication infrastructure such as disasters and other crisis situations.

The report analyzes the needs and requirements of the National Situation Center (NSC) and the Crisis Management Center (CMC) regarding aspects of cyber security and cyber defense. The need for the interaction of the national security systems in crisis management, in order to ensure the functionality of the NSC and the CMC, is substantiated. For this purpose, it is important to define the critical entities in the national security ecosystem and to analyze the interactions between them according to legal documents and agencies and organizational structures of the European Union and Bulgaria. This, in turn, is a prerequisite for achieving effective and timely exchange of information, which will properly support the decision-making process in crisis management. The different types of cyber threats that could affect the operation of national security systems when crises occur, such as disasters, accidents and other crises are taken into account.

This article discusses the issues related to the planning of activities for ensuring the physical security of critical infrastructure sites. The critical infrastructure is considered as an important element of the national security of the country, and the cri ticality is determined by the interdependence between the individual elements and the dependence of the society on its normal functioning.

As result of the analysis of the structure and consistency of the national security and cybersecurity in the national legislation the authors reach the conclusion that the national security in Bulgaria is government function and has system character in line with the complex system theory. The national security system together with the cybersecurity system have fully functionality of the complex system because beside structure, interaction and relations, the system feedbacks, as periodic reports and document review procedures that reshapes the links and relations. The processes of: control as a cycle, security risk management and capability planning are reflected in the national legislation and are prescriptive, as well.

Social security is an essential element ensuring the proper functioning of the national security system in the state. In order to fulfil this task, the state adequately prepares the society through education for safety and provides training in the field of universal self-defence of the population in order to prepare citizens in the event of crisis and war. The article presents only issues concerning education for safety and universal self-defence of the population.

The article contains a description of the national security system of the Republic of Poland, in accordance with the division written in the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland of 2014. Particular attention was focused on the subsystem of support, including social entities. The second part presents the selected determinants of social security.

The research offers a simple matrix model of analysis for ranking risk levels in critical and emergency situations. The leading principles, which should be taken into consideration can be arranged in a group of steps, for example the qualification and grading of imminent danger and the level of endangerment of key assets, determining of the processes which can lead to harm and also the value of the structures susceptible to damage and the damage itself.

The article describes the problem of involving high school teachers in establishing the national information security by applying their own competencies in the field of information security and protection in the educational process, the demonstration of their trainees and active implementation in their own professional activities. Tasks of the personal and proprietary information protection often not resolved, which is a potential threat to the learning process, research activities of the University, and can be used cyber criminals for cyber extremist or terrorist crimes. The teaching staff motivation is a cornerstone in forming the own competencies in the field of information security process. The traditional leadership approach to formation procedure of information security in this case is insufficient, as the teacher is a leader of a new person preparation, ready to operate successfully in an information society.